Topic 5 (Part 2) Grounded research

Introduction

This tutorial focuses on grounded research, a qualitative research method that emphasizes the generation of theory from data systematically gathered and analyzed. Grounded research is particularly relevant for researchers looking to explore complex social phenomena and develop theories grounded in real-world observations.

Step 1: Understanding Grounded Theory

• Grounded theory is a systematic methodology in the social sciences.
• It involves collecting and analyzing data simultaneously to develop theories that are grounded in the information gathered.
• Key characteristics include:
  • Inductive reasoning: Building theory from observations rather than testing pre-existing theories.
  • Constant comparative method: Continuously comparing new data with existing data to refine categories and concepts.

Practical Advice

• Familiarize yourself with key terms such as "codes," "categories," and "theoretical sampling."
• Consider reviewing literature on grounded theory to understand its historical context and applications.

Step 2: Data Collection Techniques

• Choose appropriate data collection methods, such as:
  • Interviews: Conduct semi-structured or unstructured interviews to gather in-depth information.
  • Focus groups: Facilitate discussions among participants to explore shared experiences.
  • Observations: Engage in participant observation to gather context-rich data.

Practical Advice

• Develop an interview guide with open-ended questions to prompt discussion without leading participants.
• Ensure ethical considerations are met, including informed consent and confidentiality.

Step 3: Coding the Data

• Coding involves labeling and organizing data into themes or categories.
• Begin with open coding to identify initial concepts from the data.
• Move to axial coding to relate categories to subcategories and identify connections.

Practical Advice

• Use software tools like NVivo or Atlas.ti to assist with coding and data management.
• Maintain a coding journal to track your thought process and decisions throughout the coding phase.

Step 4: Constant Comparison

• Constantly compare new data with existing codes and categories.
• This process helps to refine and establish the emerging theory.

Practical Advice

• Set regular intervals for reviewing and comparing new data to ensure the theory remains grounded and relevant.
• Be open to revising initial codes and categories based on new insights.

Step 5: Theory Development

• As you refine your categories, begin to formulate theoretical propositions or hypotheses.
• Ensure that these propositions are directly linked to the data collected.

Practical Advice

• Write up preliminary findings and discuss them with peers to gain feedback and further insights.
• Consider using visual aids such as diagrams or flowcharts to illustrate the relationships between concepts.

Conclusion

Grounded research is a powerful method for developing theories based on real-world data. By following these steps—understanding grounded theory, collecting data, coding, constantly comparing, and developing theory—you can effectively conduct grounded research. As you progress, stay flexible and responsive to the data, allowing your findings to shape your theoretical contributions. Explore further literature on grounded theory for deeper insights and best practices.