BAB 2 PETA, PENGINDRAAN JAUH, DAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS | GEOGRAFI X SMA/MA | KURIKULUM MERDEKA

Introduction

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide on understanding maps, remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS) as part of the geography curriculum for high school students. These concepts are essential for analyzing spatial data and interpreting the physical and cultural landscapes.

Step 1: Understanding Maps

• Definition: A map is a visual representation of an area, showing various features and information.
• Importance: Maps are essential tools for navigation, planning, and understanding geographic relationships.

Step 2: Types of Maps

• Physical Maps: Show natural features such as mountains, rivers, and forests.
• Political Maps: Highlight boundaries, cities, and significant infrastructure.
• Thematic Maps: Focus on specific themes like population density, climate, or economic activities.
• Topographic Maps: Use contour lines to represent elevation and terrain features.

Step 3: Functions of Maps

• Navigation: Help users find routes and locations.
• Planning: Assist in urban development and resource management.
• Analysis: Enable the study of spatial relationships and patterns.

Step 4: Map Projections

• Definition: A map projection is a method of representing the curved surface of the Earth on a flat surface.
• Common Projections:
  • Mercator Projection: Preserves angles but distorts size, especially near poles.
  • Robinson Projection: Balances size and shape distortions for a more visually appealing representation.

Step 5: Basic Map Reading Skills

• Legend: Understand symbols and colors used on the map.
• Scale: Use the scale to measure distances between locations.
• Orientation: Identify the cardinal directions (north, south, east, west) on the map.

Step 6: Interpreting Landforms and Cultural Features

• Landforms: Learn to identify physical features like mountains, valleys, and rivers on maps.
• Cultural Features: Recognize human-made structures such as roads, cities, and landmarks.

Step 7: Benefits of Using Maps

• Visual Learning: Maps provide a clear visual understanding of data and geography.
• Decision Making: Aid in informed decision-making for travel, resource allocation, and urban planning.
• Historical Insight: Provide context for historical events and changes in land use over time.

Conclusion

Understanding maps, remote sensing, and GIS is crucial for students studying geography. This tutorial has outlined the essential components, types, and functions of maps, as well as key skills for reading and interpreting them. As a next step, consider exploring practical applications of these concepts in real-world scenarios, such as urban planning or environmental studies.