Tutoriel GNU/Linux - installer ArchLinux

Introduction

This tutorial will guide you through the process of installing ArchLinux, a popular and customizable GNU/Linux operating system. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced user, this step-by-step guide will help you navigate the installation process effectively.

Step 1: Understand ArchLinux

• ArchLinux is known for its simplicity and customization.
• It is suitable for users who want to learn more about Linux and prefer a hands-on approach to installation and configuration.

Step 2: Prepare for Installation

• Ensure you have the following:
  • A computer or virtual machine.
  • A stable internet connection.
  • Support documentation for reference.

Step 3: Download the ISO Image

• Visit the official ArchLinux website to download the latest ISO image.
• Save the ISO file to your local storage.

Step 4: Configure VirtualBox (if applicable)

• Open VirtualBox and create a new virtual machine.
• Set the operating system type to "Linux" and version to "ArchLinux (64-bit)."
• Allocate at least 2GB of RAM and create a virtual hard disk (at least 20GB).
• Mount the ArchLinux ISO by selecting it in the virtual machine settings.

Step 5: Start the Installation

• Boot the virtual machine from the ArchLinux ISO.
• You will see the ArchLinux command prompt; from here, you can begin the installation.

Step 6: Create and Format Partitions

• Use the following commands to identify your disk:

  fdisk -l
  

• Use fdisk or parted to create partitions:
  • Create a root partition (ext4 file system).
  • Optionally create a swap partition.
• Format the partitions:

  mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1  # Adjust according to your partition
  mkswap /dev/sda2     # If you created a swap partition
  

Step 7: Mount Filesystems

• Mount the root partition:

  mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
  

• If using swap, enable it:

  swapon /dev/sda2
  

Step 8: Install the Base System

• Run the following command to install the base packages:

  pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware
  

Step 9: Configure the System

• Generate the file system table:

  genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
  

• Change root into the new system:

  arch-chroot /mnt
  

Step 10: Install the Bootloader

• Install GRUB:

  pacman -S grub
  

• Install GRUB to the disk:

  grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sda
  grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
  

Step 11: Reboot into the Installed System

• Exit the chroot environment:

  exit
  

• Unmount the partitions:

  umount -R /mnt
  

• Reboot the system:

  reboot
  

Step 12: Verify Internet Connection

• Upon rebooting, check if you have internet access using:

  ping -c 3 google.com
  

Step 13: Create a User Account

• Create a new user:

  useradd -m -G wheel username
  passwd username
  

• Enable sudo for the user by editing the sudoers file.

Step 14: Install Additional Packages

• Install a server and graphics drivers as needed:

  pacman -S xorg-server xf86-video-intel  # Example for Intel
  

Step 15: Install Desktop Environment (Deepin)

• Install the Deepin desktop environment:

  pacman -S deepin
  

Step 16: Install a Display Manager (LightDM)

• Install LightDM:

  pacman -S lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter
  

• Enable LightDM to start on boot:

  systemctl enable lightdm
  

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully installed ArchLinux and configured it with a desktop environment. To continue, explore customizing your system further or delve into package management using pacman. Enjoy your journey with ArchLinux!