The rise of Xi Jinping, explained

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of Xi Jinping's rise to power in China, detailing the significant events, strategies, and political maneuvers that led to his current status as one of the most powerful leaders since Mao Zedong. Understanding Xi's journey is essential for grasping contemporary Chinese politics and its implications on the global stage.

Step 1: Understanding Xi's Early Life and Background

• Family Connection to Mao: Xi Jinping's family was influential due to his father’s role in Mao's "Long March" in 1935. This elite status provided Xi with a privileged upbringing.
• Cultural Revolution Impact: During Mao’s Cultural Revolution, Xi’s family faced persecution, leading to hardships that shaped his character and political outlook. He was sent to work in rural areas, which instilled resilience and a deep understanding of the struggles faced by ordinary citizens.

Step 2: Political Ascent Post-Mao

• Restoration of Status: After Mao's death in 1976, Xi leveraged his family’s former status to climb the political ladder.
• Key Promotions: He held various prominent positions in rural provinces, gradually building a reputation and network within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
• Joining the Politburo Standing Committee: In 2007, Xi achieved a significant milestone by being promoted to the Politburo Standing Committee, positioning himself among China’s highest-ranking officials.

Step 3: Consolidating Power

• Adopting Mao's Tactics: Once in power, Xi implemented strategies reminiscent of Mao, such as purging political rivals and surrounding himself with loyalists.
• Undermining Deng Xiaoping's Legacy: Xi's actions reversed Deng’s efforts to prevent power consolidation, allowing him to amass significant authority within the CCP.

Step 4: Xi's Third Term and Current Leadership

• Unprecedented Third Term: In October 2022, Xi initiated an unprecedented third term as China’s leader, signifying a potential plan to hold power indefinitely.
• Restructuring the Party and Military: Xi reshaped the leadership structures to ensure that the CCP and military were filled with his supporters, further entrenching his control.
• Handling of Social Unrest: Despite facing challenges such as the backlash from the Zero Covid policy, Xi has shown determination to maintain his power.

Step 5: Resources for Further Understanding

• Books and Articles:
  • "Coalitions of the Weak" by Victor Shih
  • "Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era" by Cheng Li
  • "Party of One" by Chun Han Wong
  • "Wealth and Power" by Orville Schell and John Delury
• Databases and Interactive Resources:
  • Decoding Chinese Politics interactive by Asia Society Policy Institute
  • CCP Elite Database by UCSD/Victor Shih

Conclusion

Xi Jinping's rise to power is marked by strategic maneuvering, leveraging historical connections, and a strong consolidation of authority. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for anyone interested in Chinese politics today. For further exploration, consider delving into the recommended resources to gain deeper insights into Xi's leadership and the CCP's structure.