Kuliah Online - "(Full) Teknik Wawancara" - Presentasi - bersama Nurul Hidayati (Part 1)

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of interviewing techniques as discussed in the online lecture by Nurul Hidayati. It focuses on the differences between qualitative and quantitative research interview techniques, types of interviews, how to create interview guidelines, and the stages of conducting interviews. This information is essential for students and researchers involved in qualitative research, particularly for dissertations, theses, and other research projects.

Step 1: Understand the Differences Between Qualitative and Quantitative Interview Techniques

To effectively conduct interviews in research, it's crucial to recognize the differences between qualitative and quantitative approaches:

• Qualitative Interviews

  • Aim to gather in-depth insights and understanding of participants' perspectives.
  • Often unstructured or semi-structured, allowing flexibility in responses.
  • Suitable for exploratory research where the focus is on understanding experiences and meanings.

• Quantitative Interviews

  • Focus on collecting measurable data that can be analyzed statistically.
  • Typically structured with predetermined questions.
  • Useful for hypothesis testing and generalizing results across larger populations.

Step 2: Identify the Types of Interviews

Several types of interviews can be utilized, depending on research needs:

• Structured Interviews

  • Follow a strict script with open-ended or closed questions.
  • Ensures uniformity in data collection.

• Semi-Structured Interviews

  • Combines structured questions with the flexibility to explore topics in more detail.
  • Encourages deeper discussion while maintaining focus.

• Unstructured Interviews

  • Free-form discussions that allow participants to express their thoughts freely.
  • Useful for exploring complex topics without restrictions.

Step 3: Create an Interview Guide

An effective interview guide is essential for collecting meaningful data. Here’s how to create one:

1. Define Research Objectives

   • Clearly outline what you want to learn from the interview.

2. Develop Questions

   • Formulate open-ended questions that encourage detailed responses.
   • Avoid leading or biased questions.

3. Organize Questions

   • Group questions thematically to guide the flow of the conversation.
   • Start with easier questions to build rapport before moving to more sensitive topics.

4. Pilot Test the Guide

   • Conduct a trial interview to identify any issues with questions or flow.

Step 4: Prepare for the Interview

Preparation is key to a successful interview:

• Select a Suitable Location

  • Choose a quiet, comfortable place that is conducive to conversation.

• Schedule the Interview

  • Arrange a time that works for both you and the participant.

• Gather Necessary Materials

  • Bring your interview guide, recording device, and consent forms.

Step 5: Conduct the Interview

Follow these best practices during the interview:

• Build Rapport

  • Start with small talk to make the participant comfortable.

• Listen Actively

  • Pay attention to the participant's responses and ask follow-up questions as needed.

• Stay Neutral

  • Avoid expressing personal opinions that may influence the participant's responses.

Step 6: Address Common Challenges

Be prepared for potential obstacles during interviews:

• Participant Hesitation

  • Encourage openness by reassuring them of confidentiality.

• Time Management

  • Keep track of time to ensure all questions are covered without rushing.

• Technical Issues

  • Have backup recording methods, such as taking notes, in case of device failure.

Conclusion

Successfully conducting interviews requires understanding different techniques, preparing effectively, and being adaptable during the process. By following these steps, you can enhance your qualitative research skills and gather valuable insights for your projects. Consider applying these techniques in your next research endeavor to improve the depth and quality of your findings.