Kelas Filsafat. Hermeneutika Faktisitas: Martin Heidegger

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide on hermeneutics as discussed in the video "Hermeneutika Faktisitas: Martin Heidegger" by F. Budi Hardiman. It explores the philosophical methods of interpretation from Schleiermacher to Heidegger, focusing on the deeper understanding of existence through hermeneutics. This guide is beneficial for students of philosophy, literature, and anyone interested in the interpretative methods of texts and human existence.

Step 1: Understand the Origin of Hermeneutics

• Definition: Hermeneutics is the study of interpretation, primarily of texts.
• Historical Context: Originally used for religious texts, it has expanded to include literature, art, and cultural traditions.
• Key Figures: Familiarize yourself with key philosophers in hermeneutics:
  • Friedrich Schleiermacher: Known for emphasizing the importance of understanding the author's intent.
  • Wilhelm Dilthey: Focused on the lived experience and the historical context of texts.

Step 2: Explore Heidegger’s Contribution to Hermeneutics

• Concept of Faktisitas: Heidegger introduces the idea of "faktisitas" which refers to the factual essence of human existence.
• Verstehen as Mode of Being: Understanding (verstehen) is not merely a method of interpretation but a fundamental aspect of human existence in the world.
• Existential Inquiry: Engage with the existential questions raised by Heidegger about being and understanding.

Step 3: Analyze the Role of Understanding in Human Existence

• Understanding as a Lifeworld: Recognize that understanding shapes our perception and interaction with the world.
• Hermeneutical Circle: Familiarize yourself with the hermeneutical circle, which explains how our preconceptions influence our interpretation of texts.
• Radicalization of Hermeneutics: Understand how Heidegger radicalizes hermeneutics by connecting it to the essence of being human.

Step 4: Apply Hermeneutic Methods to Textual Analysis

• Practice Interpretation: Choose a literary or philosophical text and apply hermeneutic methods:
  • Analyze the historical context.
  • Consider the author's intention and the text's impact on readers.
  • Reflect on your own preconceptions and how they influence your understanding.
• Engage in Dialogue: Discuss interpretations with peers to deepen understanding and explore different perspectives.

Conclusion

This tutorial has summarized the key concepts of hermeneutics as presented by F. Budi Hardiman, emphasizing Heidegger's contributions to understanding human existence. As you continue your exploration of hermeneutics, practice applying these concepts to various texts and engage with others in philosophical discussions. This will enhance your interpretative skills and enrich your understanding of both literature and life.