BERAKHIRNYA MASA ORDE BARU | Sejarah Indonesia

Introduction

This tutorial explores the events leading to the end of the New Order era in Indonesia under President Suharto, transitioning to the Reformation Era. It provides a detailed understanding of significant incidents, including the Trisakti tragedy and civil unrest that defined this transformative period in Indonesian history.

Step 1: Understanding the New Order Era

• Overview: The New Order was characterized by Suharto’s authoritarian rule from 1966 until 1998. It focused on economic development and political stability but was marked by human rights abuses and suppression of dissent.
• Key Features:
  • Centralized government control
  • Economic growth with significant foreign investment
  • Repression of political opposition and civil liberties

Step 2: The Build-Up to Reformasi

• Growing Discontent: By the late 1990s, economic crises and political repression led to widespread dissatisfaction among citizens.
• Key Factors:
  • Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 impacting the Indonesian economy
  • Increased public awareness of corruption and lack of democratic freedoms

Step 3: The Trisakti Tragedy

• Event Overview: On May 12, 1998, a peaceful student protest at Trisakti University in Jakarta escalated into violence when military forces opened fire on demonstrators.
• Consequences:
  • Triggered outrage and increased protests across the nation
  • Symbolized the repressive nature of Suharto's regime

Step 4: Nationwide Protests and Civil Unrest

• Escalation of Protests: Following the Trisakti tragedy, protests spread rapidly across Indonesia, demanding reform and the resignation of Suharto.
• Key Events:
  • Mass demonstrations in Jakarta and other cities
  • Incidents of riots and looting, particularly targeting Chinese-owned businesses

Step 5: The Fall of Suharto

• Key Moment: On May 21, 1998, Suharto resigned after mounting pressure from the public and military.
• Significant Outcomes:
  • Marked the end of the New Order era
  • Initiated the Reformation Era focused on democratization and political reform

Step 6: Transition to Reformasi

• Post-Suharto Era: The Reformation Era began, characterized by:
  • The establishment of democratic institutions
  • Increased political participation and civil liberties
  • Ongoing challenges, including political corruption and economic recovery

Conclusion

The transition from the New Order to the Reformation Era in Indonesia was marked by significant events and societal upheaval. Understanding these events provides insight into Indonesia's contemporary political landscape and the ongoing journey towards democracy. For further exploration, consider studying the reforms implemented post-Suharto and their impact on Indonesian society.