مفهوم علم الاجتماع ونشأته - مادة علم الاجتماع العام - اولى خدمة اجتماعية - د/ أيمن السيد

Introduction

This tutorial outlines the concept of sociology and its origins, as presented by Dr. Ayman El-Sayed in the video. Understanding sociology is essential for social work students, as it provides insights into social behavior, structures, and the dynamics of various societies. This guide will break down the main ideas discussed in the video into actionable steps for better comprehension.

Step 1: Understand the Definition of Sociology

• Sociology is the study of society, social institutions, and social relationships.
• It examines how individuals interact within groups and how societal norms influence behavior.
• Familiarize yourself with key terms:
  • Social structure: The organized pattern of social relationships and social institutions that together compose society.
  • Social institution: Established systems and structures that dictate social behavior (e.g., family, education, religion).

Step 2: Explore the Historical Background of Sociology

• Recognize the key figures in the development of sociology:
  • Auguste Comte: Often regarded as the father of sociology; he proposed that society could be studied scientifically.
  • Karl Marx: Focused on class struggles and the effects of capitalism on society.
  • Emile Durkheim: Emphasized the importance of social cohesion and collective norms.
• Timeline of sociology's evolution:
  • Early 19th century: Emergence of sociology as a distinct discipline.
  • Late 19th century: Growth of sociological theories and methods.

Step 3: Identify the Importance of Sociology in Social Work

• Sociology provides critical insights that inform social policies and practices.
• Understanding the social context of clients helps social workers develop effective interventions.
• It aids in recognizing systemic issues such as poverty, inequality, and discrimination.

Step 4: Engage with Sociological Perspectives

• Familiarize yourself with different sociological perspectives that analyze society:
  • Functionalism: Views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability.
  • Conflict Theory: Focuses on the power struggles and inequalities within society.
  • Symbolic Interactionism: Examines how individuals create meaning through social interactions.
• Apply these perspectives to real-world situations to gain deeper insights.

Step 5: Utilize Sociological Research Methods

• Understand the various methods used in sociological research:
  • Qualitative methods: Involve observational studies, interviews, and content analysis to gather non-numerical data.
  • Quantitative methods: Utilize statistical analysis and surveys to collect numerical data.
• Learn to critically evaluate research findings and their implications for social work practice.

Conclusion

This guide provides an overview of sociology, its key concepts, historical background, and relevance to social work. By understanding these elements, you can enhance your ability to analyze social issues and improve your practice. Moving forward, consider further exploring sociological theories and methods to deepen your understanding and application in real-world scenarios.