Practical Marine Electrical Knowledge: Program 1. Ships Electrical Systems - Safety and Maintenance

Introduction

This tutorial provides practical knowledge on marine electrical systems, focusing on safety and maintenance techniques essential for sea-going personnel. Understanding these systems is crucial for effective fault-finding, safe operation, and maintenance of electrical equipment on ships.

Step 1: Familiarize Yourself with Main Components

• Upon joining a ship, take time to study the layout of the electrical systems.
• Pay special attention to:
  • Main switchboard components
  • Emergency switchboard layout
• This familiarity will aid in troubleshooting during blackouts or system failures.

Step 2: Follow the Electrical Safety Golden Rule

• Always isolate the circuit before performing any work:
  • Remove supply fuses or lock the circuit-breaker in the open position.
  • This prevents accidental energization.
• Post a warning sign to inform others that maintenance is in progress.
• Prove the circuit is dead using a voltmeter or an approved line tester.

Step 3: Understand International Safety Standards

• Familiarize yourself with the safety standards applicable to marine electrical systems.
• These standards outline safe working practices and the importance of protective switchgear against circuit faults.

Step 4: Learn About the Typical Marine Electrical System

• Recognize the key components:
  • Main and auxiliary alternators
  • Emergency diesel alternator
  • Shore power supply
  • Emergency batteries
  • Distribution systems
  • Main switchboard and group starters
  • Bank of transformers
  • 24V DC supply and transformer rectifying system
  • Emergency power systems
• Each element plays a vital role in the overall functionality of the ship's electrical supply.

Step 5: Prioritize Safety Practices

• Acknowledge that electricity can be dangerous.
• Adhere to safety regulations and procedures rigorously.
• Learn essential rescue methods related to electric shock.

Step 6: Familiarize Yourself with Test Instruments

• Understand how to use various test instruments:
  • Analog multi-meter
  • Digital multi-meter
  • Insulation resistance tester
  • Line tester
• Each tool has specific applications, such as measuring voltage, resistance, and ensuring circuit safety.

Step 7: Implement Preventive Maintenance

• Regularly check electrical systems to prevent failures:
  • Monitor insulation resistance trends.
  • Consider vibration monitoring to detect irregularities in equipment.
• Establish a routine maintenance schedule to ensure all systems operate efficiently.

Step 8: Comply with Electrical Permit-to-Work

• Always obtain an electrical permit before starting any electrical work.
• This ensures that all safety measures are in place and that the work is documented.

Conclusion

Understanding and applying the principles of marine electrical systems is vital for safety and operational efficiency. By familiarizing yourself with the system components, adhering to safety protocols, utilizing proper testing instruments, and committing to preventive maintenance, you can significantly enhance your ability to manage electrical systems on board. As you progress, consider diving deeper into specific components and maintenance strategies to further your knowledge and skills in marine electrical systems.