Sejarah Perkembangan Geografi

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development of geography, based on the video "Sejarah Perkembangan Geografi." Understanding the evolution of geography is essential for grasping how geographical concepts and practices have shaped our understanding of the world. This guide will break down the key points discussed in the video, making it easy to follow and apply the knowledge gained.

Step 1: Understand the Concept of Geography

• Definition: Geography is the study of places, the relationships between people and their environments, and how human culture interacts with the natural world.
• Importance: It helps explain spatial patterns and processes, providing insight into how our surroundings influence human activity.

Step 2: Explore the History of Geography

• Early Developments:

  • Ancient civilizations, such as the Greeks and Romans, laid the groundwork for geographical thought.
  • Key figures included Eratosthenes, who calculated the Earth's circumference, and Ptolemy, who created maps that influenced navigation.

• Medieval Contributions:

  • During the Middle Ages, geography was often intertwined with theology and philosophy.
  • Islamic scholars preserved and expanded upon Greek works, contributing astronomical and cartographic advancements.

• Renaissance and Enlightenment:

  • The revival of interest in science led to more accurate maps and exploration.
  • Figures like Mercator developed projection techniques that are still in use today.

Step 3: Discuss the Evolution of Geographical Thought

• 19th Century:

  • Geography became more scientific with the introduction of methods such as field studies and statistical analysis.
  • Influential geographers like Carl Ritter emphasized the relationship between physical geography and human activities.

• 20th Century to Present:

  • The field expanded to include human geography, cultural geography, and environmental geography.
  • The rise of technology, such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems), revolutionized data collection and analysis.

Step 4: Recognize the Key Terms in Geographical Development

• Physical Geography: The branch of geography dealing with natural features and processes.
• Human Geography: The study of human activities and their relationship to the Earth’s surface.
• GIS: A system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface.

Step 5: Summarize the Key Takeaways

• Geography is a dynamic field that has evolved significantly over time.
• Understanding its history helps appreciate current geographical practices and theories.
• Geographic knowledge is essential for addressing contemporary issues such as climate change, urban planning, and resource management.

Conclusion

The historical development of geography reveals how the field has been shaped by various cultures, scientific advancements, and technological innovations. By understanding this evolution, we can better appreciate the relevance of geography in today’s world. To further your knowledge, consider exploring specific geographical theories or technologies, such as GIS, and their applications in real-world scenarios.