ArcGIS : Comment faire la carte d'occupation du sol à partir d'un MNT - Tutoriel

Introduction

This tutorial will guide you through the process of creating a land use map using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in ArcGIS. Understanding land use mapping is essential for environmental planning, resource management, and urban development. By following these steps, you will learn how to transform a DEM into a useful land use map, which can be applied in various geographical analysis scenarios.

Step 1: Prepare Your Data

• Obtain a Digital Elevation Model (DEM): Ensure you have a high-resolution DEM for the area of interest. This serves as the foundation for your land use mapping.
• Load Data into ArcGIS: Open ArcGIS and import your DEM file.
• Verify Coordinate System: Check that the coordinate system of your DEM matches the project’s requirements to avoid misalignment in analysis.

Step 2: Conduct Terrain Analysis

• Create Slope and Aspect Layers:
  • Use the Slope tool to derive slope information from the DEM.
  • Use the Aspect tool to identify the direction of the terrain.
• Generate Contour Lines:
  • Access the Contour tool to create contour lines, which help visualize elevation changes.

Step 3: Classify Land Use Types

• Define Classification Criteria: Decide on the criteria for classifying different land uses, such as vegetation type, urban areas, or water bodies.
• Utilize the Reclassify Tool:
  • Use the Reclassify tool to assign land use categories based on slope, aspect, or other derived features.
  • Create a new layer with these land use classes.

Step 4: Create a Land Use Map

• Symbolize the Land Use Classes:
  • Assign distinct colors and patterns to each land use class in your layer properties for better visualization.
• Add Labels:
  • Use the Label feature to annotate land use categories directly on the map.

Step 5: Analyze and Export Your Map

• Perform Spatial Analysis: Explore relationships between different land uses using tools like Overlay Analysis or Buffering.
• Export the Final Map:
  • Once satisfied with your land use map, export it in your desired format (e.g., PDF, JPEG) using the Export Map option.

Conclusion

You have now created a land use map from a Digital Elevation Model using ArcGIS. This process involved preparing your data, conducting terrain analysis, classifying land use types, creating the map, and exporting your final product. With these skills, you can apply similar techniques for various geographical studies and planning projects. Consider exploring additional GIS tools and methods to further enhance your mapping capabilities.