IGCSE Evironmental management Chapter 6 Managing natural Hazard

Introduction

This tutorial covers key concepts related to managing natural hazards as discussed in Mr. Mathew's video on IGCSE Environmental Management. Understanding the earth's structure, various natural hazards, and methods of control is crucial for effective management and disaster preparedness.

Step 1: Understand Earth's Structure

To manage natural hazards effectively, it's essential to comprehend the earth's structure, which includes:

• Crust: The outer layer where we live. It is solid and relatively thin.
• Mantle: The layer beneath the crust, consisting of semi-solid rock that flows slowly.
• Core: The innermost layer made up of iron and nickel, responsible for the earth's magnetic field.

Practical Tip

Familiarize yourself with the different layers, as this knowledge helps in understanding how natural hazards like earthquakes and volcanoes occur.

Step 2: Learn About Plate Boundaries

Plate boundaries are critical in the study of natural hazards. There are three main types:

• Convergent Boundaries: Plates collide, often resulting in earthquakes and volcanic activity.
• Divergent Boundaries: Plates move apart, leading to the formation of new crust and volcanic activity.
• Transform Boundaries: Plates slide past each other, causing friction that can lead to earthquakes.

Common Pitfall to Avoid

Misunderstanding the movement of tectonic plates can lead to incorrect predictions of natural hazards. Always refer to diagrams and animations for clarity.

Step 3: Recognize Different Types of Natural Hazards

The video discusses several natural hazards, including:

• Earthquakes: Sudden shaking of the ground caused by tectonic movement.
• Volcanoes: Eruptions that occur when magma escapes to the surface.
• Drought: Prolonged periods of insufficient rainfall, affecting water supply.
• Flooding: Overflow of water onto normally dry land, often caused by heavy rainfall.

Practical Application

Identify local hazards in your area to better understand potential risks and prepare accordingly.

Step 4: Explore Methods of Controlling Natural Hazards

Managing natural hazards involves various techniques, such as:

• Engineering Solutions: Building dams, levees, and flood barriers to control flooding.
• Land Use Planning: Avoiding construction in high-risk areas prone to earthquakes or floods.
• Early Warning Systems: Implementing technology to detect and alert communities about impending hazards.

Additional Tip

Participate in community drills and training exercises to enhance response to natural hazards.

Conclusion

By understanding the earth's structure, types of plate boundaries, and the various natural hazards, you can better prepare for and manage these risks. Consider implementing control methods in your area and stay informed about local hazards. Continue learning about environmental management to enhance your knowledge further and contribute to community safety.