SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN SOSIOLOGI DARI MASA KE MASA

Introduction

This tutorial explores the development of sociology from ancient times to the modern era. Understanding the historical context of sociology enhances our appreciation for the discipline as a study of society. This guide will outline key milestones and influential figures in the evolution of sociology.

Step 1: Understand the Origins of Sociology

• Ancient Roots: Recognize that the study of society dates back to ancient Greece.
• Philosophers: Familiarize yourself with early thinkers like Plato and Aristotle, who examined social structures and human behavior.
• Key Concept: Sociology as a distinct discipline did not exist, but foundational ideas about society were being formed.

Step 2: Acknowledge the Pre-Sociological Knowledge

• Historical Context: Note that concepts related to sociology have been present for centuries before the term "sociology" was coined.
• Cultural Observations: Learn about how historians and philosophers documented societal norms, behaviors, and interactions in their works.

Step 3: The Birth of Modern Sociology

• 19th Century Development: Understand that the formal establishment of sociology as a scientific discipline began in the 19th century.
• Auguste Comte's Contribution:
  • Term Coined: In 1838, Auguste Comte introduced the term "sociology" in his book "Course de philosophie positive."
  • Concept of Social Physics: Initially, he viewed sociology as the study of societal principles akin to the laws of physics.

Step 4: Influential Events Shaping Sociology

• French Revolution: Recognize how the political upheaval in France influenced sociological thought.
• Industrial Revolution: Acknowledge the impact of rapid industrialization in Europe on social structures and problems, prompting the need for sociological inquiry.

Step 5: Key Figures in Sociological Thought

• Auguste Comte: Known as the father of sociology, he emphasized empirical observation and the scientific method in studying society.
• Other Thinkers: Familiarize yourself with other important figures such as Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber, who all contributed to expanding sociological theories.

Conclusion

The development of sociology reflects a rich history of human thought regarding society. From its ancient philosophical roots to its establishment as a scientific discipline in the 19th century, sociology has evolved alongside significant social changes. To deepen your understanding, consider exploring the works of key sociological figures and their contributions to the field.