the Linux File System explained in 1,233 seconds // Linux for Hackers // EP 2

Introduction

This tutorial will guide you through the Linux file system, explaining key directories and commands essential for navigating and managing files in Linux. Understanding the structure of the Linux file system is crucial for anyone looking to use or hack with Linux effectively.

Step 1: Explore the Root of the File System

• The root directory is represented by / and is the top-level directory in the Linux file system.
• All other directories are organized under this root.

Step 2: Use the whoami Command

• This command displays the currently logged-in user.
• To use it, simply type:

  whoami
  

Step 3: Clear the Terminal

• Use the clear command to clean your terminal screen for better visibility.
• Execute by typing:

  clear
  

Step 4: Understand that Everything is a File

• In Linux, everything is treated as a file, including devices and processes.

Step 5: Navigate to the /bin Directory

• The /bin directory contains essential user binaries (commands).
• Common commands found here include ls, cp, and mv.

Step 6: Utilize the cat Command

• The cat command is used to display the contents of files.
• To use it, type:

  cat filename.txt
  

Step 7: Copy Files with the cp Command

• Use the cp command to copy files.
• Syntax:

  cp source_file destination_file
  

Step 8: Remove Files with the rm Command

• The rm command deletes files.
• Be cautious, as this command permanently removes files.
• Syntax:

  rm filename.txt
  

Step 9: Add Users with the adduser Command

• The adduser command helps you create a new user.
• To add a user, execute:

  sudo adduser newusername
  

Step 10: Discover Commands with the which Command

• The which command shows the path of executables.
• Use it to find where a command is located:

  which command_name
  

Step 11: Familiarize with Essential Directories

• /boot: Contains boot loader files.
• /usr: Houses user applications and utilities.
• /var: Stores variable files, like logs.
• /tmp: Temporary files are stored here.
• /lib: Contains shared libraries.
• /home: User home directories are located here.
• /root: The root user's home directory.
• /dev: Contains device files.
• /etc: Configuration files are stored in this directory.
• /mnt and /media: Mount points for external devices.

Conclusion

Understanding the structure of the Linux file system and mastering basic commands is essential for effective navigation and file management. Start using these commands in your terminal to build a strong foundation in Linux. For further learning, consider exploring more advanced topics or participating in Linux hacking labs.