Penatalaksanaan Ekstravasasi

Introduction

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide on managing extravasation in a hospital setting, based on the insights from the video by RS Kariadi. Extravasation occurs when intravenous (IV) fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue instead of the intended vein, which can cause complications. Understanding how to manage this situation effectively is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure patient safety and comfort.

Step 1: Recognize the Signs of Extravasation

Identifying extravasation early is critical. Look for the following signs:

• Swelling around the IV site
• Discoloration of the skin (redness or paleness)
• Pain or discomfort reported by the patient
• Blister formation
• Coolness in the area surrounding the IV site

Step 2: Stop the Infusion Immediately

As soon as extravasation is suspected, follow these steps:

1. Disconnect the IV line from the cannula to prevent further fluid leakage.
2. Do not remove the cannula immediately; it may be needed for further intervention.

Step 3: Assess the Area

Evaluate the affected area for severity:

• Check the size of the swelling.
• Determine if there is any blistering or skin breakdown.
• Document observations for medical records.

Step 4: Apply Appropriate Treatment

The treatment may vary based on the type of fluid involved. General measures include:

• For Non-Irritating Solutions:

  • Elevate the affected limb to reduce swelling.
  • Apply a warm compress to promote absorption of the fluid.

• For Irritating Solutions:

  • Administer a cold compress to minimize tissue damage.
  • Consult with the physician regarding the use of antidotes if applicable.

Step 5: Notify the Healthcare Team

Communicate the incident to the relevant healthcare team members:

• Inform the attending physician about the extravasation.
• Document the incident in the patient's medical record, including all observations and actions taken.

Step 6: Monitor the Patient

Continue to monitor the patient for any complications:

• Regularly check the affected area for changes.
• Assess the patient's pain level and overall condition.
• Follow up with additional treatments as directed by the healthcare provider.

Conclusion

In conclusion, effective management of extravasation involves prompt recognition, immediate action, and thorough documentation. By following these steps, healthcare providers can minimize complications and ensure better patient outcomes. Remember to always communicate with the healthcare team and monitor the patient's condition closely after an incident of extravasation.