Ibn Taymiyya - The Father of Salafism?

Introduction

This tutorial explores the life and teachings of Ibn Taymiyya, a pivotal figure in Islamic thought often associated with Salafism. Understanding his philosophies provides insight into contemporary Islamic practices and the theological debates that shape them.

Step 1: Understand Ibn Taymiyya's Background

• Research His Life: Ibn Taymiyya was a 13th-century scholar born in Harran, which is in present-day Turkey. He became a significant theologian and jurist in the Islamic world.
• Identify Key Influences: Study the historical and cultural context of his time, including the Mongol invasions and the rise of Sufi orders.
• Explore His Controversies: Recognize that Ibn Taymiyya's views often contradicted prevailing interpretations, leading to debates about his legacy.

Step 2: Explore His Major Teachings

• Tawhid (Oneness of God): Learn about his emphasis on the strict monotheism of Islam, rejecting any form of anthropomorphism in the attributes of God.
• Critique of Sufism: Understand his opposition to certain Sufi practices and his arguments for a more literal interpretation of Islamic texts.
• Legal Thought: Examine his contributions to Islamic jurisprudence, particularly his flexible approach to the application of Sharia.

Step 3: Analyze His Impact on Salafism

• Definition of Salafism: Familiarize yourself with Salafism as a movement advocating a return to the practices of the earliest Muslims.
• Ibn Taymiyya's Influence: Assess how his teachings have shaped contemporary Salafi thought and movements, especially in the context of modern Islamic reform.
• Controversial Legacy: Discuss the polarized views on his influence, as some scholars view him as a reformer while others see him as a divisive figure.

Step 4: Engage with Scholarly Perspectives

• Recommended Readings:
  • Abrahamov, Binyamin (1998). "Islamic Theology: Traditionalism and Rationalism."
  • El-Rouayheb, Khaled & Sabine Schmidtke (2019). "The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology."
  • Hoover, Jon (2019). "Ibn Taymiyya" in the Makers of the Muslim World Series.
  • Moustafa, Mohamed A. (2017). "Upholding God's Essence: Ibn Taymiyya on the Createdness of the Spirit."
  • Skeikh, Mustafa (2007). "Ibn Taymiyya, Analogy and the Attributes of God."
• Diverse Viewpoints: Explore how different scholars interpret Ibn Taymiyya's work, providing a rounded understanding of his impact on Islamic theology.

Conclusion

Ibn Taymiyya's teachings remain influential in contemporary Islamic thought, particularly within Salafism. By understanding his life, major teachings, and impact, you can gain valuable insights into the ongoing theological debates in the Islamic world. For further exploration, consider engaging with the recommended readings to deepen your understanding of his contributions and controversies.