MASA ORDE BARU DI INDONESIA (1966-1998)

Introduction

This tutorial delves into the New Order (Orde Baru) period in Indonesia from 1966 to 1998, under President Suharto. It provides a chronological overview of significant events, economic developments, and challenges during this era. Understanding this period is crucial for grasping Indonesia's contemporary socio-political landscape.

Step 1: Understanding the Transition from Old Order to New Order

• The New Order replaced the Old Order, which was characterized by President Sukarno's leadership.
• The transition began with the issuance of the March 11, 1966 Order, marking a shift in government.
• Key factors leading to the transition included political instability and economic decline under Sukarno.

Step 2: Key Policies and Governance of the New Order

• The New Order focused on stabilizing Indonesia politically and economically.
• Suharto's government emphasized:
  • Centralized power and authority.
  • Suppression of political dissent and opposition.
  • Promotion of national unity and stability.
• Understand the implications of these policies on civil liberties and political freedoms.

Step 3: Economic Growth and Development

• The New Order achieved notable economic growth, particularly in the 1970s and 1980s.
• Key aspects included:
  • Implementation of economic reforms to attract foreign investments.
  • Development of infrastructure and industry.
  • Growth in the agricultural sector, ensuring food security.
• However, this economic boom was often accompanied by widespread corruption.

Step 4: Corruption and Governance Challenges

• Despite economic successes, the New Order faced significant corruption issues.
• Common pitfalls included:
  • Lack of transparency and accountability in government operations.
  • Abuse of power by officials.
• Understanding these issues is critical for analyzing the socio-economic inequalities that developed during this era.

Step 5: The End of the New Order

• The New Order came to an end in 1998 amid economic crises and public dissatisfaction.
• Key events leading to the fall included:
  • The Asian Financial Crisis.
  • Mass protests demanding political reform.
• The resignation of Suharto marked a significant turning point in Indonesian politics.

Conclusion

The New Order period in Indonesia is marked by dramatic shifts in governance, economic growth, and significant challenges, particularly regarding corruption and civil liberties. Understanding these key points provides insight into Indonesia’s current political and economic climate. For further exploration, consider researching the impact of the New Order on modern Indonesian society and politics.