מבוא להנדסת חשמל (חשמל) תשפא ב שיעור 1 חלק א

Introduction

This tutorial provides an overview of electrical engineering concepts introduced in the first part of the course by Professor Moshe Einat. It aims to guide you through fundamental topics such as electric charge, electrical forces, current, voltage, power, and circuit components. Whether you are a student or simply interested in electrical engineering, this guide will help you grasp the foundational elements of the subject.

Step 1: Understanding Electric Charge

• Definition: Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
• Types of Charges:
  • Positive Charge
  • Negative Charge
• Key Principle: Like charges repel, while opposite charges attract.

Step 2: Exploring Forces on Charges

• Coulomb's Law: Describes the force between two charges.
  • Formula:

    F = k * (|q1 * q2|) / r^2
    

  • Where:
    • F is the force between charges,
    • k is Coulomb's constant,
    • q1 and q2 are the amounts of the charges,
    • r is the distance between the centers of the two charges.
• Practical Tip: Understand how distance and magnitude of charges affect the force.

Step 3: Introduction to Electric Current

• Definition: Electric current is the flow of electric charge in a circuit.
• Units: Measured in Amperes (A).
• Types of Current:
  • Direct Current (DC)
  • Alternating Current (AC)

Step 4: Learning About Voltage

• Definition: Voltage, or electric potential difference, is the energy per unit charge.
• Units: Measured in Volts (V).
• Real-World Application: Higher voltage can drive more current through a circuit.

Step 5: Understanding Electrical Power

• Definition: Power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.
• Formula:

  P = V * I
  

  • Where:
    • P is power (in Watts),
    • V is voltage (in Volts),
    • I is current (in Amperes).
• Common Pitfall: Remember that power can increase with either higher voltage or current.

Step 6: Components of Electrical Circuits

• Resistors: Limit current flow and can be used to divide voltages.
• Sources: Provide the necessary voltage and current.
• Circuit Breakers: Protect circuits from overload by interrupting the flow of current.

Step 7: Key Electrical Laws

• Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL): The sum of the electrical potential differences (voltage) around any closed circuit is zero.
• Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL): The total current entering a junction must equal the total current leaving the junction.

Conclusion

This tutorial has outlined the essential concepts of electrical engineering, including electric charges, forces, current, voltage, power, and circuit components. Understanding these basics lays a strong foundation for further study in electrical engineering. As you continue learning, consider practical applications and experiments to reinforce your knowledge. For the next steps, explore more advanced topics such as circuit analysis and design principles.