Extracting Gold with Cyanide: How gold is recovered from ores using cyanide to capture it

Introduction

This tutorial explains the process of extracting gold from ores using cyanide, a method widely adopted in modern mining. It provides insights into the chemistry behind gold recovery and highlights the importance of understanding the risks involved when working with toxic substances like cyanide.

Step 1: Understanding Gold Ore Types

• Identify Gold Ore: Recognize that most gold ores contain tiny gold particles too small for traditional recovery methods.
• Carlin-Type Ores: Focus on Nevada's famous Carlin-type ores, which primarily contain microscopic gold. These ores require specialized extraction methods.

Step 2: The Cyanide Process

• Cyanide Solution: Learn that cyanide is used because it effectively dissolves gold, making it easier to recover.
• Historical Context: Acknowledge the contributions of John McArthur in the 1890s, who developed the method to use cyanide for gold extraction.
• Alternatives to Cyanide: While cyanide is the most common method, be aware that there are alternative processes available for gold extraction.

Step 3: The Recovery Process

• Chemical Reaction: Understand that after gold is dissolved in cyanide, it needs to be recovered from the solution.
• Zinc Precipitation: Familiarize yourself with the process of adding zinc to the cyanide solution, which precipitates the gold, allowing it to be collected.

Step 4: Safety Precautions

• Toxicity Awareness: Recognize that cyanide is extremely poisonous and requires careful handling.
• Risk Management: Always prioritize safety by using appropriate protective gear and working in a controlled environment.
• Emergency Procedures: Have a plan in place for emergencies involving cyanide exposure.

Conclusion

Extracting gold using cyanide is a complex process that involves understanding the types of ores, the chemistry of cyanide, and the necessary safety precautions. For further information on prospecting or to explore alternatives to cyanide, consider resources like Chris Ralph's book "Fists Full of Gold" and visit the recommended websites for deeper insights. Always prioritize safety and proper handling when dealing with hazardous materials.