1 Hour Online Training: Systematic Literature Review

Introduction

This tutorial provides a structured approach to conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), a method vital for researchers in fields like pharmacy, medicine, and software engineering. The SLR process helps in identifying, evaluating, and interpreting research findings to answer specific research questions, minimizing bias and ensuring objectivity.

Step 1: Define the Research Question

• Begin by clearly stating your research question.
• Ensure the question is specific, measurable, and relevant to your field of study.
• Example questions could include:
  • What are the key trends in software engineering practices over the last decade?
  • How effective are different methodologies in improving software quality?

Step 2: Develop a Protocol

• Create a detailed plan outlining the steps you'll take during the review.
• Include the following elements:
  • Selection criteria for studies (inclusion/exclusion).
  • Databases to search for literature (e.g., PubMed, IEEE Xplore).
  • Keywords and search terms relevant to your research question.

Step 3: Conduct the Literature Search

• Utilize the defined keywords to search the selected databases.
• Record all relevant studies, ensuring to note:
  • Authors, publication year, and journal.
  • A brief summary of each study’s findings.
• Use reference management tools (e.g., EndNote, Zotero) to organize your citations.

Step 4: Screen and Select Studies

• Apply your selection criteria to filter out studies that do not meet your requirements.
• This process typically involves:
  • Title and abstract screening.
  • Full-text screening of the remaining articles.
• Make sure to document reasons for exclusion of studies.

Step 5: Extract Data

• Develop a data extraction form to gather key information from each selected study.
• Information to extract may include:
  • Study objectives, methods, and results.
  • Sample size and population characteristics.
  • Conclusions drawn by the authors.
• Organize the extracted data systematically for analysis.

Step 6: Analyze the Data

• Assess the quality of the included studies, considering:
  • Study design and methodology.
  • Potential biases and limitations.
• Use qualitative and quantitative methods to synthesize findings, such as:
  • Thematic analysis for qualitative data.
  • Statistical analysis for quantitative data.

Step 7: Report Your Findings

• Structure your report to include:
  • An introduction outlining your research question and objectives.
  • A methodology section detailing your SLR process.
  • Results section summarizing key findings.
  • A discussion interpreting the implications of your results.
  • References to all studies reviewed.
• Follow any specific formatting guidelines required by your field or publication.

Conclusion

Conducting a Systematic Literature Review is a rigorous process that enhances the reliability and validity of research findings. By following these steps—from defining a clear research question to reporting your findings—you can create a comprehensive SLR that contributes significantly to your area of study. For deeper insights, consider reviewing guidelines from established researchers such as Kitchenham & Charters (2007) and accessing additional resources linked in the video description.