Studi Kasus C++ 04 - Predikat Nilai Menggunakan Bahasa Pemrograman C++

Introduction

In this tutorial, we will explore how to create a program in C++ that determines student grades based on their scores. This guide will take you through the logical framework needed for the program and its implementation in C++. By the end, you should have a solid understanding of how to build a grading system using C++.

Step 1: Understand the Logic for Grading

Before writing any code, you need to establish the grading criteria. Here are the common grading ranges:

• A: 85-100
• B: 70-84
• C: 55-69
• D: 40-54
• E: 0-39

Practical Tips

• Make sure the ranges do not overlap.
• Consider edge cases, such as what should happen if a score is exactly at the boundary.

Step 2: Set Up Your C++ Environment

To write and run your C++ code, you need a suitable development environment. Follow these steps:

1. Install a C++ compiler. Popular options include:
   • Dev-C++
   • Code::Blocks
   • Visual Studio Code
2. Create a new C++ file (e.g., grading_system.cpp).

Common Pitfalls

• Ensure your compiler is correctly set up to avoid any runtime errors.

Step 3: Write the Basic Program Structure

Begin by including the necessary headers and defining the main function. Here’s a simple skeleton for your program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    // Your code will go here
    return 0;
}

Step 4: Declare Variables

You need variables to store the student's score and their corresponding grade. Declare them at the beginning of your main function:

int score;
char grade;

Step 5: Get User Input

Prompt the user to enter their score. Use cin to read the input:

cout << "Enter your score: ";
cin >> score;

Step 6: Determine the Grade

Using conditional statements, assign a grade based on the score input. Here’s how to implement this logic:

if (score >= 85) {
    grade = 'A';
} else if (score >= 70) {
    grade = 'B';
} else if (score >= 55) {
    grade = 'C';
} else if (score >= 40) {
    grade = 'D';
} else {
    grade = 'E';
}

Step 7: Output the Result

Finally, display the grade to the user. Use cout for output:

cout << "Your grade is: " << grade << endl;

Step 8: Compile and Run Your Program

• Save your file and compile your code using your C++ compiler.
• Run the program and test it with different score inputs to ensure it works correctly.

Real-World Application

This basic grading system can be expanded to include features such as:

• Handling multiple students' scores.
• Storing scores in arrays.
• Calculating average scores.

Conclusion

You have now created a simple C++ program that determines a student's grade based on their score. This foundational knowledge can be built upon for more complex applications in C++. Next steps may include adding more features to your program, exploring data structures, or learning about file handling in C++. Happy coding!