Masa Orde Baru dan Masa Reformasi | IPS SMP

Introduction

This tutorial explores the significant periods in Indonesian history known as the Orde Baru (New Order) and the Reformasi (Reformation). It aims to provide a clear understanding of the political, economic, and social developments in Indonesia from 1966 to the present day. This guide is particularly relevant for students studying Indonesian history and those interested in the country's political evolution.

Step 1: Understand the Tiga Tuntutan Rakyat (Tritura)

• Tritura was a political movement initiated in 1966, demanding:
  1. The dissolution of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).
  2. The resignation of President Sukarno.
  3. The establishment of a government that prioritizes the people's welfare.
• This movement marked the beginning of a shift in Indonesia’s political landscape.

Step 2: Learn about the Surat Perintah 11 Maret (Supersemar)

• Supersemar, issued on March 11, 1966, was a pivotal order from President Sukarno to General Suharto.
• It allowed Suharto to take control of government functions to restore order amid political chaos.
• This event is viewed as the formal beginning of the Orde Baru regime.

Step 3: Explore the Orde Baru Era (1966 – 1998)

• Key features of the Orde Baru include:
  • Transmigration Programs: Government initiatives to move people from densely populated areas to less populated regions to promote development.
  • Family and Education Policies: Focus on family planning and education, emphasizing national unity and development.
  • Economic Development: Significant investments in infrastructure and modernization, leading to economic growth but also increasing state control over various sectors.
  • 1998 Demonstrations: Widespread protests against the government due to economic crises, leading to the fall of Suharto.

Step 4: Investigate the Reformasi Era (1998 – Present)

• The Reformasi period initiated major changes in Indonesia, including:
  • Political Reforms: Introduction of democratic processes, including free elections and political pluralism.
  • Electoral Reforms: Establishment of fair electoral systems to promote transparency and accountability.
  • Economic Reforms: Policies aimed at economic stabilization and reducing the government's influence on the economy.
  • Cultural Heritage Recognition: Efforts to register Indonesian cultural heritage with UNESCO, enhancing national pride and awareness.

Step 5: Recognize the Benefits of Studying These Periods

• Understanding the Orde Baru and Reformasi helps:
  • Gain insight into Indonesia’s current political landscape.
  • Appreciate the lessons learned from past governance.
  • Foster critical thinking about the importance of democracy and human rights.

Conclusion

The Orde Baru and Reformasi are crucial chapters in Indonesian history that shaped the nation's identity and governance. By studying these periods, one can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of Indonesian politics and society. For further exploration, consider engaging with additional resources or discussions through educational platforms like Kejarcita.