MENELUSURI LAHIRNYA MASA DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN (MATERI SEJARAH INDONESIA KELAS 12)

Introduction

This tutorial explores the history and transformation of Indonesia's political landscape during the period of Guided Democracy, focusing on key events and concepts that shaped this era. By understanding the transition from Liberal Democracy to Guided Democracy under Soekarno, students can gain insight into the complexities of Indonesian history and the political strategies employed during the late 1950s.

Step 1: Understand the Reality of Liberal Democracy

• Liberal Democracy in Indonesia (1950-1959) failed to deliver satisfactory results.
• Political instability, economic challenges, and social unrest marked this period.
• Important to recognize the criticisms from Soekarno, who believed that Liberal Democracy did not align with Indonesia's needs.
• Key takeaway: The inadequacies of Liberal Democracy set the stage for a push toward a more centralized system.

Step 2: Explore Soekarno's Presidential Concept

• On February 21, 1957, Soekarno proposed a new political conception that emphasized a strong presidential role.
• This concept aimed to centralize power and streamline decision-making processes in government.
• Understand the implications of this shift:
  • Enhanced presidential authority
  • Reduced influence of political parties and factions
• Practical advice: Reflect on how centralized power can impact governance and citizen engagement.

Step 3: Analyze the Presidential Decree of July 5, 1959

• The Presidential Decree marked a significant turning point in Indonesia’s political system.
• It effectively dissolved the existing parliamentary system and declared the implementation of Guided Democracy.
• Key elements of the decree:
  • Restoration of a more authoritarian regime
  • Focus on national unity and stability
• Common pitfalls: Recognize the potential downsides of authoritarian governance, such as suppression of dissent and political freedom.

Conclusion

The transition to Guided Democracy under Soekarno was a critical moment in Indonesian history, reflecting the challenges of Liberal Democracy and the desire for a more effective governance system. Understanding these steps helps contextualize the political environment of the time and encourages further exploration of Indonesia's historical evolution. For next steps, consider delving deeper into the implications of Guided Democracy and its impact on Indonesian society and politics in the years that followed.