Filsafat Ilmu (Catatan Diskusi Rabithah Alawiyah Jilid 1)

Introduction

This tutorial provides a clear overview of the key concepts discussed in Pak Ahmad's video on the philosophy of science, focusing on three fundamental areas: ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Understanding these concepts is essential for engaging in discussions about knowledge production and its implications in various fields.

Step 1: Understanding Ontology

Ontology addresses the nature of reality and what exists. Here’s how to approach this concept:

• Define Ontology: Ontology is the study of being and existence. It asks questions like "What is there?" and "What does it mean for something to exist?"
• Explore Different Ontological Perspectives:
  • Realism: Asserts that objects exist independently of our perceptions.
  • Idealism: Suggests that reality is mentally constructed or immaterial.
• Practical Application: Analyze how different ontological views influence scientific theories and practices in your field of interest.

Step 2: Exploring Epistemology

Epistemology is the study of knowledge and belief. Understanding this area helps clarify how we acquire knowledge.

• Define Epistemology: It examines the nature, scope, and limits of knowledge. Key questions include "What is knowledge?" and "How do we know what we know?"
• Key Theories of Epistemology:
  • Empiricism: Knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience.
  • Rationalism: Knowledge is gained through reason and logical deduction.
• Practical Application: Reflect on the methodologies used in your research or studies and how they align with different epistemological approaches.

Step 3: Delving into Axiology

Axiology is the study of values and ethics. This area is crucial for understanding the implications of knowledge.

• Define Axiology: Axiology deals with questions about what is valuable or important. It includes both ethics (moral values) and aesthetics (values in art and beauty).
• Consider Ethical Implications: Evaluate how your research or profession impacts societal values and ethics.
• Practical Application: Engage in discussions about ethical dilemmas in your field, considering how different value systems influence decision-making.

Conclusion

In summary, this tutorial has outlined the essential components of the philosophy of science: ontology, epistemology, and axiology. By understanding these concepts, you can engage more thoughtfully in discussions about knowledge and its implications. As a next step, consider reading further into each area to deepen your understanding and apply these concepts to your specific interests or field of study.