Belajar Bahasa Jepang – Bab 4 Minna no Nihongo – Part 2

Introduction

In this tutorial, we will explore essential concepts from the Japanese language as outlined in Chapter 4, Part 2 of the Minna no Nihongo textbook. This lesson covers various verb forms, including positive and negative constructions in both present and past tense, as well as important particles such as kara, made, ni, and to. Mastering these topics will enhance your understanding and ability to construct sentences in Japanese.

Step 1: Understanding Verb Conjugations

Positive and Negative Forms

• Present Positive: This is the basic form of the verb.
• Present Negative: To negate a verb, you typically add the suffix ない (nai) to the verb stem.
  • Example: 食べる (taberu - to eat) becomes 食べない (tabenai - not eat).

Past Tense Forms

• Past Positive: To form the past tense, you generally change the ending.
  • Example: 食べる becomes 食べた (tabeta - ate).
• Past Negative: For the past negative, attach なかった (nakatta) to the verb stem.
  • Example: 食べない becomes 食べなかった (tabenakatta - did not eat).

Step 2: Using Particles in Sentences

Kara and Made

• Kara (から): Indicates the starting point of an action.

  • Usage: [Location/Time]から [Action/Verb]
  • Example: 学校から帰る (gakkou kara kaeru - return from school).

• Made (まで): Indicates the endpoint of an action.

  • Usage: [Location/Time]まで [Action/Verb]
  • Example: 学校まで行く (gakkou made iku - go to school).

Ni and To

• Ni (に): Used to indicate a direction or a target for an action.

  • Usage: [Destination]に [Action/Verb]
  • Example: 家に帰る (ie ni kaeru - return home).

• To (と): Indicates companionship or a quotation.

  • Usage: [Person/Quote]と [Action/Verb]
  • Example: 友達と遊ぶ (tomodachi to asobu - play with a friend).

Step 3: Practice with Examples

• Create sentences using the verbs and particles learned.
• Example Sentences:
  • 私は本を読まない (watashi wa hon o yomanai - I do not read books).
  • 昨日、映画を見た (kinou, eiga o mita - I watched a movie yesterday).
  • 友達と公園まで行った (tomodachi to kouen made itta - I went to the park with my friend).

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we covered the basics of verb conjugations in Japanese, including their positive and negative forms in both present and past tense. Additionally, we explored the use of essential particles that help clarify the meaning of sentences. To solidify your understanding, practice forming sentences using these structures. For further learning, explore additional chapters from the Minna no Nihongo series or check out other resources linked in the video description. Happy studying!