Can Math Help Repair Democracy? | Sam Wang | TED

Introduction

This tutorial explores how mathematics can enhance the functioning of American democracy. Inspired by Sam Wang's TED Talk, it outlines methods for leveraging mathematical techniques to address issues like gerrymandering and the effectiveness of alternative voting systems.

Step 1: Understand Gerrymandering

Gerrymandering is the manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor one party over another. Recognizing its impact is crucial for a fair democratic process.

• Recognize the Signs: Look for districts with oddly shaped boundaries that seem to favor a specific political party.
• Use Mathematical Models: Familiarize yourself with mathematical tools that can detect gerrymandering, such as:
  • Efficiency Gap: Measures wasted votes to assess fairness.
  • Partisan Bias: Analyzes how different parties perform across districts.

Step 2: Explore Alternative Voting Methods

Alternative voting methods can improve voter representation. Ranked-choice voting is one such approach that allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference.

• Understand Ranked-Choice Voting:

  • Voters rank candidates.
  • If no candidate receives a majority, the lowest-ranked candidate is eliminated, and votes are redistributed until a winner is determined.

• Evaluate Implementation: Research case studies where ranked-choice voting has been implemented and its impact on election outcomes.

Step 3: Utilize Computer Simulations

Computer simulations can predict the effects of different electoral systems and districting methods on election outcomes.

• Learn Simulation Techniques:

  • Familiarize yourself with software that models electoral scenarios.
  • Use simulations to test how reforms could change electoral landscapes.

• Analyze Results: Review simulation outputs to understand potential changes in voter representation and party dynamics.

Step 4: Advocate for Reform

Once you understand the mathematical tools and methods, consider how to advocate for reforms in your local electoral system.

• Engage in Community Discussions: Share findings with local advocacy groups focused on electoral reform.

• Use Data to Support Arguments: Present data from mathematical analyses and simulations to make a compelling case for reform.

• Participate in Local Politics: Attend town hall meetings or community forums to voice your support for fair electoral practices.

Conclusion

Mathematics offers valuable tools for identifying and addressing flaws in American democracy, such as gerrymandering and ineffective voting systems. By understanding these concepts and advocating for reform, individuals can contribute to a more responsive and fair democratic process. Next steps include educating others in your community and supporting local reforms that utilize these mathematical insights.