A História de Chanukah: Onde está na Bíblia?

Introduction

This tutorial explores the historical background of Hanukkah and its representation in various biblical texts. Understanding the sources of Hanukkah's history provides insights into its significance in Jewish tradition and how it differs in Christian contexts.

Step 1: Explore Historical Sources

To gain a comprehensive understanding of Hanukkah, familiarize yourself with key historical texts:

• Books of Maccabees:

  • Book 1 and Book 2 of Maccabees are critical for understanding Hanukkah's history.
  • Books 3 and 4 of Maccabees have more philosophical and theological significance.

• Meguilat Antiochus:

  • An ancient scroll detailing events related to Hanukkah.

• Josephus Flavius:

  • A first-century Jewish historian who documented Jewish history, including Hanukkah.

• Talmud:

  • Recounts Hanukkah's story, particularly in the Shabbat tractate (page 21), discussing customs and obligations.

• Jewish Law Code (Halachá):

  • Codifies Hanukkah practices and rituals.

Step 2: Understand the Absence in the Hebrew Bible

Recognize that the Books of Maccabees are not included in the Hebrew Bible, making Hanukkah unique as a Jewish holiday rooted in historical events absent from these scriptures.

Step 3: Examine Inclusion in Christian Bibles

Investigate how the Books of Maccabees are treated in various Christian traditions:

• Catholic, Orthodox, and Coptic Bibles:

  • Include the Books of Maccabees in the Old Testament.

• Anglican Tradition:

  • Presents the Books of Maccabees as an appendix.

• Protestant Tradition:

  • Excludes the Books of Maccabees entirely.

Step 4: Learn About the Canonization of Scriptures

Understand the process of canonization in both Jewish and Christian traditions:

• Jewish Canonization:

  • Occurred after the destruction of the First Temple (around 400 BCE).
  • The Books of Maccabees emerged about 170 years before the Common Era.

• Christian Canonization:

  • Associated with events described in the New Testament, with a separation occurring around the year 0 CE.
  • The Books of Maccabees may be included due to their historical relevance before this division.

Conclusion

Hanukkah is rooted in historical sources outside the Hebrew Bible but is recognized in various Christian biblical texts. These differences highlight the theological and historical diversity between Jewish and Christian traditions regarding scriptural canonization. To further explore Hanukkah, consider reading the Books of Maccabees and studying their historical context in detail. This knowledge can enhance your understanding of the holiday's significance and its place in broader religious discussions.