Ilmu Negara 01 | Istilah dan Objek Ilmu Negara #politik #pemilu2024 #belajar #hukum #tutorial

Introduction

This tutorial explores the foundational concepts of political science, specifically focusing on the study of the state (Ilmu Negara). It highlights key figures, terminology, and frameworks essential for understanding the discipline, making it particularly relevant for students of political science and those interested in the legal aspects of governance.

Step 1: Understand the Origin of Ilmu Negara

• Ilmu Negara is derived from the Dutch term "staatsleer," which has its roots in the German "staatslehre."
• The term was popularized by German scholar Georg Jellinek in his work "Allgemeine Staatslehre," making him a pivotal figure in the field.
• In Indonesia, the term was first officially used by Universitas Gadjah Mada in 1946.

Step 2: Grasp the Core Concepts of Ilmu Negara

• Ilmu Negara investigates the fundamental principles and structures of the state and its legal framework.
• Key components include:
  • Definition: Emphasis on knowledge and understanding.
  • Principles: Focus on foundational truths and values.

Step 3: Explore the Nature of the State

• According to Roelof Kranenburg, Ilmu Negara examines:
  • The essence and characteristics of the state.
  • Its structure and origins.
  • Issues surrounding governance and authority.

Step 4: Identify the Objects of Study

• The object of Ilmu Negara is the state, analyzed in an abstract and universal manner, free from temporal and spatial constraints.

Step 5: Understand Jellinek’s Classification

• Jellinek classified political science into two main categories:
  1. Ilmu Negara in a narrow sense (staatswissenschaften).
  2. Legal Science (rechtwissenschaften).
• This classification underscores the interconnectedness of various social sciences.

Step 6: Delve into the Branches of Staatswissenschaft

• Staatswissenschaft is further divided into three sub-fields:
  • Beschreibende Staatswissenschaft: Descriptive studies of the state.
  • Theoretische Staatswissenschaft: Analytical studies building on the descriptive aspects.
  • Angewandte Staatswissenschaft: Applied political science, implementing theoretical principles.

Step 7: Differentiate Between General and Special Staatslehre

• Theoretische staatswissenschaft is divided into:
  • Allgemeine staatslehre: General study of the state.
  • Besondere staatslehre: Special studies focusing on specific types of states.

Step 8: Explore Different Schools of Thought

• Two notable schools in Ilmu Negara:
  • Vienna School led by Hans Kelsen: Advocates that the state equals law, emphasizing a legal hierarchy (stufenbau des recht).
  • Berlin School led by Herman Heller: Argues that the state is a concrete entity with functional significance, defined as a territorial authority.

Conclusion

Understanding Ilmu Negara provides a solid foundation for analyzing governmental systems and legal frameworks. By exploring its origins, core concepts, and various classifications, students can better appreciate the complexities of political science. Next steps could include diving deeper into specific branches of study or exploring contemporary applications of these theories in current political contexts.