Serveur de fichiers - Episode 2 - Permissions NTFS et de partage

Introduction

This tutorial covers the management of NTFS and sharing permissions in Windows Server 2022. After setting up an SMB share, understanding how to properly configure permissions is crucial for maintaining security and access control. This guide will walk you through the differences between NTFS and sharing permissions, how to manage them effectively, and provide practical tips to avoid common pitfalls.

Step 1: Understand NTFS Permissions vs. Sharing Permissions

• NTFS Permissions:

  • These permissions apply to files and folders on an NTFS file system.
  • They control access at a granular level, such as read, write, modify, and delete.
  • NTFS permissions can be inherited from parent folders, allowing for easier management of large directory structures.

• Sharing Permissions:

  • These are applied to shared folders and control access over the network.
  • Sharing permissions are more limited than NTFS permissions; they include read, change, and full control.
  • They only apply when accessing the folder over the network, not when accessing it locally.

Tips:

• Always remember that the most restrictive permission applies when both NTFS and sharing permissions are in play.
• Evaluate your needs for local vs. network access to decide how to configure permissions correctly.

Step 2: Manage Permissions on a Share

1. Access the Share Properties:

   • Right-click the shared folder and select 'Properties'.
   • Navigate to the 'Sharing' tab.

2. Configure Sharing Permissions:

   • Click on 'Advanced Sharing'.
   • Check the box for 'Share this folder'.
   • Click on 'Permissions' to set the sharing permissions.
     • Add or remove users/groups and assign their permissions (Read, Change, Full Control).

3. Set NTFS Permissions:

   • Switch to the 'Security' tab in the properties window.
   • Click on 'Edit' to modify permissions.
     • Add users/groups and set their NTFS permissions (Read, Write, Modify, etc.).

4. Apply and Confirm Settings:

   • After configuring, click 'OK' to apply changes in both the Sharing and Security tabs.
   • Ensure that permissions are correctly set by verifying the settings for each user/group.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid:

• Forgetting to configure both NTFS and sharing permissions, which can lead to unexpected access issues.
• Over-permissioning users, which may expose sensitive data.
• Not testing the permissions after configuration to ensure they work as intended.

Conclusion

Managing NTFS and sharing permissions is essential for securing your Windows Server 2022 file shares. By understanding the differences between these permission types and configuring them correctly, you can ensure that only authorized users have access to sensitive information. For further learning, consider reviewing the first episode on creating SMB shares and resources on the SMB protocol for a deeper understanding.