Customs of the Tagalog (Juan de Plasencia)

Introduction

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide to understanding the customs of the Tagalog people as presented by Juan de Plasencia. It highlights key cultural practices, societal structures, and beliefs that are essential for anyone interested in Philippine history and culture.

Step 1: Understand the Social Hierarchy

The Tagalog society was structured in a hierarchical manner. Familiarize yourself with the following classes:

• Nobility (Maharlika): This class included the ruling elite who held power and land.
• Freemen (Timawa): These individuals had certain rights and privileges, serving as the merchants and farmers.
• Serfs (Alipin): This class was divided into two categories:
  • Aliping Namamahay: Semi-free individuals who lived in their own homes but owed service to a noble.
  • Aliping Saguiguilid: Slaves with no personal freedom or rights.

Understanding this social structure is crucial for grasping the customs and interactions within the Tagalog community.

Step 2: Explore Key Customs and Practices

The Tagalog people had various customs that marked their daily lives and significant events. Key customs include:

• Marriage Practices:

  • Marriages were often arranged.
  • The groom would perform a dowry exchange, showcasing the family’s wealth.

• Death and Burial Customs:

  • The Tagalogs practiced elaborate funeral rites, which included mourning periods and rituals to honor the deceased.

• Religious Beliefs:

  • Belief in anito (spirits) and a supreme being influenced many aspects of daily life and rituals.
  • Rituals were conducted to appease these spirits and seek their guidance.

Step 3: Learn About Traditional Arts and Crafts

Tagalog culture is rich in traditional arts and crafts. Important aspects include:

• Textiles:

  • The Tagalogs produced woven fabrics using local materials, often adorned with intricate designs.

• Pottery and Woodwork:

  • Skilled artisans created functional and decorative items, reflecting their beliefs and lifestyle.

• Music and Dance:

  • Traditional music and dance played a significant role in celebrations and rituals, often involving community participation.

Step 4: Recognize Influences of Colonization

The arrival of Spanish colonizers brought significant changes to Tagalog customs. Key influences include:

• Religious Changes: Introduction of Christianity altered many traditional beliefs and practices.
• Language: The Spanish language influenced Tagalog, incorporating many Spanish terms.
• New Governance: Colonial systems replaced traditional leadership structures, affecting social organization.

Conclusion

Understanding the customs of the Tagalog people offers valuable insights into their culture and history. By exploring social hierarchies, key practices, traditional arts, and the impacts of colonization, you gain a comprehensive view of their way of life. To further your knowledge, consider exploring other aspects of Philippine history or engaging with local cultural groups to experience these customs firsthand.