Lembaga Tinggi Negara di Indonesia

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the high state institutions in Indonesia, particularly their roles before and after the amendments to the 1945 Constitution. Understanding these institutions is essential for grasping the political landscape of Indonesia, including the changes in authority and structure that have occurred over time.

Step 1: Understanding the Pre-Amendment Structure

Before the amendments to the 1945 Constitution:

• MPR as the Highest Institution: The People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) was recognized as the highest state institution.
• Other Institutions Below MPR: The following institutions operated beneath MPR:
  • DPR (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat): House of Representatives
  • Presiden: The President of Indonesia
  • DPA (Dewan Pertimbangan Agung): Supreme Advisory Council
  • MA (Mahkamah Agung): Supreme Court
  • BPK (Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan): Audit Board of Indonesia

Practical Advice

• Familiarize yourself with the functions of each institution to understand their roles in governance.
• Recognize the hierarchical structure before the amendments for better context.

Step 2: Exploring the Post-Amendment Structure

After the amendments to the 1945 Constitution:

• MPR's New Status: MPR is no longer considered the highest state institution and now holds a position that is equal to other high state institutions.
• Equal Standing with Other Institutions: Following the amendments, the high state institutions include:
  • Legislative Institutions: DPR remains a key legislative body.
  • Executive Institutions: The President continues as the executive leader.
  • Judicial Institutions: MA is responsible for the judiciary.

Practical Advice

• Study the implications of this change in status for MPR and how it impacts the balance of power among institutions.
• Review each institution's responsibilities to better understand their interactions in governance.

Step 3: Comparing Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Functions

Each of the high state institutions has distinct roles:

• Legislative (DPR):

  • Responsible for creating laws.
  • Represents the people’s interests.

• Executive (President):

  • Enforces laws and governs the country.
  • Holds the highest executive authority.

• Judicial (MA):

  • Interprets laws and adjudicates disputes.
  • Ensures justice within the legal system.

Practical Advice

• Note the differences in authority and function among these institutions to understand their checks and balances.
• Consider how these institutions collaborate to maintain democratic governance.

Conclusion

The structure of high state institutions in Indonesia has evolved significantly due to amendments to the 1945 Constitution. Understanding these changes and the roles of each institution is crucial for anyone interested in Indonesian politics. As a next step, explore further details on each institution's current functions and their impact on Indonesian democracy.