Tugas-Tugas Perkembangan Peserta Didik

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the developmental tasks of students in elementary school, drawing from the theories of Robert J. Havighurst, Elizabeth B. Hurlock, and Erik Erikson. Understanding these developmental milestones is crucial for educators and parents to support children's growth effectively.

Step 1: Understand Developmental Tasks

• Definition: Developmental tasks are challenges or milestones that individuals are expected to achieve at various stages of life.
• Importance: These tasks influence a child's emotional, social, and cognitive development, shaping their future behavior and abilities.
• Key Theorists: Familiarize yourself with the following theorists:
  • Robert J. Havighurst: Focuses on age-specific tasks that need to be mastered for healthy development.
  • Elizabeth B. Hurlock: Emphasizes the role of environment and experiences in achieving developmental tasks.
  • Erik Erikson: Outlines psychosocial stages that highlight the importance of social interactions and personal identity.

Step 2: Explore Havighurst's Developmental Tasks

• Age Range: Identify key developmental tasks for elementary school students, typically ages 6-12.
• Examples of Tasks:
  • Learning physical skills for games and sports.
  • Developing basic academic skills (reading, writing, mathematics).
  • Forming relationships with peers and adults.
  • Establishing a sense of self-esteem and competence.
• Application: Encourage activities that promote these skills, such as team sports, group projects, and self-directed learning.

Step 3: Investigate Hurlock's Contributions

• Environmental Influence: Understand how a child’s surroundings impact their ability to meet developmental tasks.
• Supportive Strategies:
  • Create a nurturing and stimulating environment.
  • Provide opportunities for social interaction and collaboration.
  • Use positive reinforcement to build confidence.

Step 4: Analyze Erikson's Psychosocial Stages

• Key Stage for Elementary Students: Industry vs. Inferiority (ages 6-12).
• Characteristics:
  • Children develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments.
  • They learn to work collaboratively and compete.
• Tips for Parents and Educators:
  • Encourage participation in various activities to build skills.
  • Help children set realistic goals and celebrate their achievements.
  • Foster resilience by teaching them to cope with failure.

Conclusion

Understanding the developmental tasks of elementary school students is essential for fostering their growth. By applying the theories of Havighurst, Hurlock, and Erikson, educators and parents can create supportive environments that help children navigate their educational journeys successfully. Next steps include implementing strategies from this tutorial and continuously observing children's progress in achieving these developmental milestones.