Estimasi Biaya & Waktu Pengembangan Software: Proposal, TOR & KAK Menjadi Lebih Scientific & Akurat

Introduction

This tutorial aims to provide a structured approach to estimating costs and time for software development projects. Understanding Software Effort Estimation is essential for professionals in software engineering, especially when preparing proposals, Terms of Reference (TOR), and Kerangka Acuan Kerja (KAK). This guide will help you create more scientific and accurate estimates, reducing the risk of project rejection and budget overruns.

Step 1: Understand Software Effort Estimation

• Definition: Software Effort Estimation involves predicting the resources necessary to complete a software project.
• Importance: Accurate estimations help in resource allocation, project planning, and budget management.
• Common Methods:
  • Expert Judgment
  • Analogous Estimating
  • Parametric Estimating
  • Bottom-Up Estimation

Step 2: Gather Project Requirements

• Identify Key Stakeholders: Engage with clients and team members to understand project needs.
• Document Requirements: Create clear documentation of functional and non-functional requirements.
• Use Cases: Develop use cases to illustrate user interactions and system responses.

Step 3: Develop a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

• Break Down Tasks: Divide the project into smaller, manageable components.
• Establish Hierarchy: Organize tasks in a hierarchical structure for better clarity.
• Assign Responsibilities: Allocate tasks to team members based on expertise.

Step 4: Estimate Effort for Each Task

• Choose Estimation Techniques: Use one or more of the methods mentioned in Step 1.
• Calculate Time and Resources:
  • Identify the amount of time required for each task.
  • Consider team member availability and skill level.
• Document Estimates: Record your estimates in a clear format for future reference.

Step 5: Create a Proposal

• Include Essential Components:
  • Executive Summary
  • Project Objectives
  • Detailed Work Breakdown
  • Cost and Time Estimates
• Be Clear and Concise: Ensure that the proposal is easy to read and understand.

Step 6: Develop the Terms of Reference (TOR) and Kerangka Acuan Kerja (KAK)

• Define Scope: Clearly state what is included and excluded in the project.
• Set Deliverables: Outline specific deliverables and timelines.
• Approval Process: Describe how changes will be managed and documented.

Step 7: Review and Refine Estimates

• Seek Feedback: Share your estimates and proposals with stakeholders for input.
• Adjust Estimates: Revise based on feedback and new information.
• Final Approval: Get the necessary approvals before proceeding.

Conclusion

Accurate software effort estimation is critical for successful project management. By following these steps, you can create comprehensive proposals and TORs that are well-received by stakeholders. Remember to continually refine your estimation skills and stay informed about best practices in software engineering. The next steps involve applying these techniques to your projects and seeking feedback to improve your approach further.