Plato on Imitation and Art | Mimesis | Literary Criticism

Introduction

This tutorial explores Plato's views on art and imitation, focusing on the concept of mimesis within the context of Classical Criticism. Understanding Plato's philosophical stance on art is essential for anyone studying literary criticism, as it lays the groundwork for many subsequent theories, including Aristotle's responses.

Step 1: Understand Plato's Concept of Imitation

• Plato defines art as imitation, meaning it is a copy of an original idea or form.
• He argues that all art is deceptive since it represents a mere shadow of reality.
• To grasp this concept, familiarize yourself with the following:
  • Mimesis: This term refers to the act of imitation or copying reality.
  • Forms: Plato’s theory of forms suggests that the physical world is just a reflection of a higher, unchanging reality.

Step 2: Explore the Theory of Forms

• Plato's theory of forms is foundational to understanding his critique of art.
• Key points include:
  • The ultimate reality consists of abstract forms, which are perfect and immutable.
  • Physical objects and artistic representations are imperfect copies of these forms.
• A practical approach:
  • Reflect on examples of art (like paintings or literature) and consider what forms they are imitating.

Step 3: Analyze Plato's Political Thought on Art

• In his work "The Republic," Plato expresses strong criticism of poets and dramatists.
• He believed that:
  • Artists misrepresent the truth and thus have no place in his ideal state.
  • Art can lead to moral corruption by appealing to emotions rather than reason.
• Practical advice:
  • Consider the implications of this view in contemporary discussions about censorship and the role of art in society.

Step 4: Contrast with Aristotle's Views

• After studying under Plato, Aristotle offered a different perspective on art:
  • He restored the dignity of poetry and tragedy, viewing them as valuable forms of knowledge.
• Key takeaways:
  • Aristotle acknowledged the emotional and cathartic power of art, arguing that it can lead to moral improvement rather than corruption.
• Reflect on how these contrasting views influence modern literary criticism and artistic expression.

Conclusion

Plato's views on art as imitation challenge us to think critically about the nature of reality and representation. By understanding his theory of forms and political philosophy, we gain insight into the foundational debates in literary criticism. Next steps could include exploring Aristotle's responses to Plato or examining how these philosophical ideas manifest in contemporary art and literature.