The Bonus Army I

Introduction

This tutorial explores the historical significance and events surrounding the Bonus Army, a group of World War I veterans who marched to Washington, D.C., in 1932 to demand early payment of a bonus promised to them. Understanding this event is crucial for grasping the socio-economic challenges of the Great Depression and the government's response to civil unrest.

Step 1: Understand the Context of the Bonus Army

• Historical Background: The Bonus Army consisted of veterans who served in World War I. In 1924, Congress passed a law promising a bonus to these veterans, payable in 1945.
• Economic Hardship: By 1932, the U.S. was deep in the Great Depression, and many veterans were struggling financially, prompting them to seek early payment of their bonuses.

Step 2: Know the Composition of the Bonus Army

• Demographics: The Bonus Army included thousands of veterans from different backgrounds, including African American veterans, who faced additional societal challenges.
• Community Support: Many families and communities supported the veterans, providing food and shelter to those who camped in Washington, D.C.

Step 3: Review the Actions Taken by the Bonus Army

• March to Washington: In May 1932, approximately 20,000 veterans marched to the capital and set up camps in public areas.
• Petitioning Congress: The veterans organized to lobby Congress for early payment of their bonuses, presenting their case through peaceful demonstrations and meetings with lawmakers.

Step 4: Analyze the Government's Response

• Initial Reception: At first, the government did not support the Bonus Army's demands, leading to tensions between the veterans and law enforcement.
• Eviction of the Bonus Army: In July 1932, President Herbert Hoover ordered the U.S. Army to evict the Bonus Army from their camps, resulting in violent clashes.

Step 5: Examine the Aftermath and Legacy

• Impact on Public Opinion: The government’s violent response to the peaceful protest significantly shifted public opinion against Hoover’s administration.
• Inspiration for Future Movements: The Bonus Army set a precedent for veterans' rights and influenced future social movements advocating for economic justice.

Conclusion

The Bonus Army's struggle highlights the intersection of military service, economic hardship, and civil rights during a tumultuous period in American history. Understanding these events not only sheds light on the past but also serves as a reminder of the ongoing challenges faced by veterans today. For further exploration, consider studying how this event influenced subsequent veterans' legislation and social movements.