REPORTED SPEECH - PENGGUNAAN DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH - RUMUS DAN CONTOH

Introduction

This tutorial explains how to use reported speech, focusing on both direct and indirect speech. Understanding these concepts is essential for effective communication in English, especially in written and spoken forms. We will explore how to convert direct speech into indirect speech and provide practical examples to enhance your understanding.

Step 1: Understanding Direct Speech

Direct speech quotes the exact words spoken by a person. It is usually enclosed in quotation marks.

Key Points

• Format: "Exact words of the speaker."
• Examples:
  • She said, "I am going to the market."
  • He asked, "Are you coming with me?"

Practical Advice

When using direct speech, ensure to maintain the original tone and context. This accuracy is crucial for clarity in communication.

Step 2: Understanding Indirect Speech

Indirect speech reports what someone has said without quoting their exact words. It often involves changes in pronouns, verb tenses, and sometimes word order.

Key Points

• Format: Subject + verb + (that) + reported speech.
• Examples:
  • She said (that) she was going to the market.
  • He asked (if) I was coming with him.

Practical Advice

When converting to indirect speech, remember to adjust the tense:

• Present simple changes to past simple.
• Present continuous changes to past continuous.
• "Will" changes to "would."

Step 3: Converting Direct Speech to Indirect Speech

To change direct speech into indirect speech, follow these steps:

1. Identify the Direct Speech: Recognize the sentence in direct speech format.
2. Remove Quotation Marks: Eliminate the quotation marks from the sentence.
3. Change Pronouns: Adjust pronouns to fit the context.
4. Adjust Verb Tenses: Shift the verb tense appropriately.
5. Add or Remove "That": Decide whether to include "that" in the sentence.

Example Conversion

• Direct: She said, "I am tired."
• Indirect: She said (that) she was tired.

Step 4: Common Pitfalls to Avoid

Be cautious of these common mistakes when using reported speech:

• Tense Confusion: Ensure you are shifting the tense correctly.
• Pronoun Errors: Always adjust pronouns based on the speaker and listener.
• Incorrect Use of "That": "That" can be optional; use it where clarity is needed.

Conclusion

Understanding and using reported speech correctly is vital for effective communication. Remember to practice converting direct speech to indirect speech, paying attention to tense and pronoun changes. For further practice, try converting sentences from conversations you have or read. This will reinforce your learning and help you become more proficient in using reported speech in everyday situations.