Teori Formalisme Sastra

Introduction

This tutorial provides an overview of literary formalism, focusing on its definition, Russian formalism, key ideas, and notable figures. Understanding these concepts is essential for students and enthusiasts of literary theory, especially in the context of Indonesian language and literature.

Step 1: Understand the Concept of Literary Formalism

• Literary formalism emphasizes the study of literature based on its form and structure rather than its content or historical context.
• Key characteristics include:
  • Focus on literary devices (e.g., imagery, symbolism)
  • Analysis of the text itself as an independent work
  • Disregard for authorial intent and reader response

Step 2: Explore Russian Formalism

• Russian formalism emerged in the early 20th century, primarily associated with a group of scholars and critics in Russia.
• Main features include:
  • The separation of literature from other art forms
  • The idea that literature has its own language and functions
  • Analysis of how texts create meaning through their structures

Step 3: Identify Key Ideas of Russian Formalism

• Defamiliarization: This concept refers to the technique of presenting familiar things in unfamiliar ways to enhance perception.
• Literary Devices: Focus on how devices like metaphor, meter, and rhyme contribute to the experience of the text.
• The Function of Art: Russian formalists believed that art serves to alter perception and not merely to reflect reality.

Step 4: Learn About Notable Figures in Formalism

• Familiarize yourself with key figures:
  • Victor Shklovsky: Known for the concept of defamiliarization and the importance of form in literature.
  • Roman Jakobson: Contributed to structuralism and explored the functions of language in literature.
  • Boris Eikhenbaum: Focused on the historical context of literary works and their evolution.

Step 5: Apply Formalism to Literary Analysis

• Choose a literary text and analyze it using formalist principles:
  • Identify its structural elements (e.g., plot, character development).
  • Examine the use of literary devices and their impact on meaning.
  • Consider how the form influences your understanding of the text.

Conclusion

This tutorial summarized the essential aspects of literary formalism, particularly Russian formalism, including its key concepts and figures. By applying these principles to literary analysis, you can gain a deeper appreciation for how literature functions as an art form. For further exploration, consider reading works by the aforementioned formalists or applying these concepts to various literary genres.