15- SARTRE (1) - Sejarah Filsafat Kontemporer [Bambang I. Sugiharto]

Introduction

This tutorial explores the key concepts of existential philosophy as introduced by Jean-Paul Sartre, based on a lecture by Prof. Dr. Ignatius Bambang Sugiharto. Understanding Sartre's philosophy is essential for students of contemporary philosophy and provides insights into personal freedom, responsibility, and authenticity.

Step 1: Understanding Sartre's Background

• Explore Sartre's academic journey:

  • Studied at the Sorbonne, a prestigious university in Paris.
  • Became involved with literary circles and was recognized as a novelist and playwright.

• Recognize his influence during the cultural movements of the 1960s:

  • Actively participated in the 1968 revolution, advocating for social and political change.

Step 2: Key Works of Sartre

• Familiarize yourself with Sartre's significant writings:

  • "L'Être et le Néant" (Being and Nothingness) is one of his foundational texts.

• Understand the main themes of his works:

  • Discusses consciousness, existence, and the nature of being.

Step 3: Exploring Sartre's Ontology

• Delve into Sartre's ontological perspective:

  • Emphasizes that existence precedes essence, meaning individuals create their own meaning and identity through actions.

• Key concepts:

  • Consciousness: Active awareness that shapes our reality.
  • Being-for-itself vs. Being-in-itself:
    • Being-for-itself: Conscious beings who define themselves.
    • Being-in-itself: Objects that lack self-awareness.

Step 4: The Concept of Freedom

• Sartre views freedom as a fundamental aspect of human existence:

  • Every individual has the freedom to make choices.
  • With freedom comes the burden of responsibility for those choices.

• Important takeaway:

  • Freedom can also feel like a curse, as it leads to anxiety and existential dread.

Step 5: Understanding Useless Passion

• Explore the idea of "useless passion":

  • Refers to passionate pursuits that lack a practical end or fulfillment.

• Reflect on personal experiences:

  • Consider how engaging in pursuits of passion can lead to a deeper understanding of oneself.

Step 6: Authenticity and Anxiety

• Sartre emphasizes the importance of authenticity:

  • To live authentically, one must confront and embrace existential anxiety.

• Recognize the symptoms of "bad faith":

  • Bad faith (mauvaise foi) is when individuals deceive themselves to escape the anxiety of freedom and responsibility.

Step 7: The Serious Spirit in Life

• Understand the concept of "esprit de sérieux":

  • This refers to living life with a serious commitment to one's choices and passions.

• Encourage a reflective approach:

  • Assess how this seriousness impacts your daily decisions and long-term goals.

Step 8: Life as a Personal Project

• Sartre encourages viewing life as a personal project:

  • Each individual must define their own goals and the meaning of their existence.

• Practical exercise:

  • Create a personal project plan that outlines your aspirations and how you intend to realize them.

Conclusion

In summary, Sartre's philosophy invites us to embrace our freedom, take responsibility for our choices, and live authentically. By understanding his concepts of existence, freedom, and authenticity, you can apply these ideas to your own life, fostering personal growth and a deeper understanding of your role in the world. Consider further exploration of Sartre's texts and their implications for contemporary philosophical discussions.