SEJARAH INDONESIA KELAS 12 BAB 5 : sistem dan struktur politik ekonomi Indonesia masa reformasi

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the political and economic systems of Indonesia during the Reformation era, with a focus on the "Green Revolution" initiated by the New Order government. Understanding these concepts is crucial for grasping the socio-economic changes in Indonesia's history.

Step 1: Understanding the Context of the Reformation Era

• The Reformation era in Indonesia began in 1998, marked by a shift from authoritarian governance to democracy.
• Key factors leading to this change included economic crises, demands for political freedom, and widespread public protests.
• Familiarize yourself with the historical backdrop by researching:
  • Economic conditions prior to the Reformation.
  • Major political events leading up to the Reformation.

Step 2: Exploring the Green Revolution

• The Green Revolution refers to the agricultural transformation that occurred during the New Order regime (1966-1998).
• Goals of the Green Revolution:
  • Increase food production to achieve self-sufficiency.
  • Modernize agricultural practices using technology and high-yield crop varieties.
• Key components:
  • Introduction of fertilizers and pesticides.
  • Use of irrigation systems.
  • Training for farmers on new agricultural techniques.

Step 3: Analyzing the Political Structure

• The political system during the Reformation was characterized by:
  • The transition from authoritarian rule to a more democratic governance model.
  • The establishment of political parties and the promotion of civil liberties.
• Important changes included:
  • The abolition of the dual function of the military in politics.
  • Greater public participation in the electoral process.

Step 4: Examining Economic Changes

• The economic structure shifted from a centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented approach.
• Key changes included:
  • Deregulation of industries.
  • Encouragement of foreign investment.
  • Focus on sustainable development and environmental issues.

Step 5: Identifying the Impact on Society

• The Green Revolution and political changes had significant social implications:
  • Improved food security for many Indonesians.
  • Economic disparities and challenges faced by smallholder farmers.
  • Increased urbanization as people moved to cities for better opportunities.

Conclusion

In summary, the Reformation era and the Green Revolution played pivotal roles in shaping modern Indonesia's political and economic landscape. Understanding these developments helps in appreciating the complexities of Indonesia's history. For further exploration, consider researching specific case studies of agricultural practices or political movements in Indonesia.