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Part 4 | CSS: Cascade Style Sheet | Web Designing Malayalam Tutorial

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Published on Sep 05, 2024 This response is partially generated with the help of AI. It may contain inaccuracies.

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Introduction

This tutorial is designed to guide you through the basics of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) as part of a comprehensive web design series. CSS is essential for styling web pages and enhancing their visual appeal, making it a crucial skill for anyone looking to develop static websites. In this tutorial, we will cover fundamental concepts and practical steps you can take to effectively use CSS in your web projects.

Step 1: Understanding CSS Basics

What is CSS?
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is used to control the layout and appearance of HTML elements on a webpage.
Syntax Overview:
A CSS rule consists of a selector and a declaration block, which includes properties and their values.

Example:
```
h1 {
    color: blue;
    font-size: 20px;
}
```

Step 2: Applying CSS to HTML

Inline CSS:
You can add CSS directly within an HTML element using the style attribute.

Example:
```
<h1 style="color: red;">Hello World</h1>
```
Internal CSS:
This method involves placing CSS within a <style> tag in the <head> section of your HTML document.

Example:
```
<head>
    <style>
        body {
            background-color: lightgray;
        }
    </style>
</head>
```
External CSS:
The best practice is to create an external stylesheet and link it to your HTML file.

Example:
```
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
```

Step 3: CSS Selectors and Properties

Types of Selectors:
- Element Selector: Targets HTML elements directly (e.g., p, h1).
- Class Selector: Targets elements with a specific class (e.g., .classname).
- ID Selector: Targets a unique element with a specific ID (e.g., #idname).
Common CSS Properties:
- Color and Background: Use properties like color and background-color.
- Font Styles: Control font properties using font-family, font-size, and font-weight.
- Margins and Padding: Adjust spacing with margin and padding.

Step 4: The CSS Box Model

Understanding the Box Model:
Every HTML element can be considered as a box, which consists of:
- Content: The actual content of the box (text, images).
- Padding: The space between the content and the border.
- Border: The outline around the padding and content.
- Margin: The space outside the border.

Example of Box Model CSS:

div {
    width: 300px;
    padding: 10px;
    border: 5px solid black;
    margin: 20px;
}

Step 5: CSS Layout Techniques

Flexbox:
A layout model that allows items in a container to be laid out in a flexible manner.

Example:
```
.container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
}
```
Grid:
A powerful layout system that enables the creation of complex responsive layouts.

Example:
```
.grid-container {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
}
```

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we explored the fundamentals of CSS, including how to apply it to HTML documents, use various selectors, and understand the CSS box model. These concepts are foundational for creating visually appealing and well-structured websites.

Next steps could involve practicing with real-world projects, exploring advanced CSS properties, or learning about responsive design techniques. Happy coding!

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