Complete Denture Occlusion

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide to understanding complete denture occlusion, a crucial aspect of dental prosthetics. Proper occlusion ensures that dentures function effectively, promoting comfort and efficiency for patients. This guide will outline essential steps to achieve optimal denture occlusion, making it relevant for dental professionals and students alike.

Step 1: Understanding the Basics of Denture Occlusion

• Definition: Denture occlusion refers to the contact between upper and lower dentures when the mouth is closed.
• Importance: Proper occlusion helps in achieving a balanced bite, which is crucial for chewing and speaking.
• Types of Occlusion: Recognize the three main types:
  • Centric Occlusion: Maximum contact when the jaw is closed.
  • Functional Occlusion: The occlusion during normal function (eating, speaking).
  • Non-Working Occlusion: Contact during lateral movements of the jaw.

Step 2: Evaluating the Patient's Oral Anatomy

• Examine the Jaw Relationships: Assess the patient's jaw alignment and any anatomical variations.
• Check Residual Ridge: Determine the shape and height of the residual ridge for stability.
• Consider Soft Tissue: Evaluate the condition of the soft tissues in the mouth, as they affect denture fit.

Step 3: Establishing Occlusal Records

• Record Jaw Relations: Utilize materials such as wax or silicone to capture the position of the jaws.
• Use a Facebow: Align the maxillary cast to the patient's anatomical landmarks for accurate occlusion.
• Check Vertical Dimension: Ensure the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) is appropriate for the patient.

Step 4: Setting Teeth for Denture Occlusion

• Select Appropriate Tooth Types: Choose teeth that match the patient’s facial profile and existing teeth.
• Positioning: Place anterior teeth in a position that supports esthetics and function.
• Align Posterior Teeth: Position molars and premolars to establish proper occlusal relationships.

Step 5: Adjusting the Dentures

• Initial Fitting: Place the dentures in the patient’s mouth and assess the occlusion.
• Bite Adjustments: Make necessary adjustments to the occlusal surfaces using a bur or acrylic bur.
• Verify with Articulating Paper: Use articulating paper to check occlusal contacts and refine as needed.

Step 6: Post-Adjustment Evaluation

• Patient Feedback: Have the patient evaluate comfort and functionality after adjustments.
• Monitor Performance: Schedule follow-up appointments to ensure the occlusion remains effective as the patient adapts to the dentures.

Conclusion

Achieving complete denture occlusion involves a systematic approach, starting from understanding the basics to making precise adjustments. Key takeaways include the importance of accurate occlusal records, careful tooth selection, and ongoing patient evaluation. For dental professionals, honing these skills ensures better patient outcomes and satisfaction. Consider further training in advanced techniques or patient management to enhance your practice.