(SEJARAH) Terbentuknya NKRI Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia

Introduction

This tutorial explores the historical formation of the Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI), marked by the proclamation of independence on August 17, 1945, by Ir. Soekarno. We will follow the key events leading up to this pivotal moment and provide insights into the context and significance of each step.

Step 1: Understanding the Context of Proclamation

• Formation of BPUPKI: On April 29, 1945, the Japanese government established the Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI) with 63 members to prepare for Indonesia's independence.
• Impact of World War II: The atomic bombings in Hiroshima (August 6) and Nagasaki (August 9) led to Japan's surrender, creating a power vacuum that Indonesian leaders sought to exploit for independence.

Step 2: Key Events Leading to Independence

• August 10, 1945: Sutan Syahrir learns of Japan's surrender, prompting urgent preparations for Indonesian independence.
• August 15, 1945: Japan formally surrenders to Allied forces, further motivating Indonesian leaders.
• August 16, 1945: In the early hours, youth activists abduct Soekarno and Hatta to prevent Japanese influence, ensuring they can lead the independence effort.

Step 3: Drafting the Proclamation

• Soekarno and Hatta's Return to Jakarta: After being taken to Rengas Dengklok, they were brought back to Jakarta to draft the proclamation at Laksamana Maeda’s residence.
• Composition of the Text: The proclamation was drafted by Soekarno and typed by Sayuti Malik during the early hours of August 17.

Step 4: The Proclamation Ceremony

• Date and Venue: On August 17, 1945, at 10:00 AM WIB, the proclamation was read at Soekarno's residence at Jl. Pegangsaan Timur No. 56.
• Flag Raising: The Indonesian flag, sewn by Soekarno’s wife, Fatmawati, was raised, marking the moment of independence celebrated by the Indonesian people.

Step 5: Establishing the New Government

• Formation of PPKI: On August 18, 1945, the Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (PPKI) was established, which ratified the 1945 Constitution and formalized the government structure.
• Election of Leadership: Ir. Soekarno was appointed as the first President, with Moh. Hatta as Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia.

Step 6: Text of the Proclamation

• Content of the Proclamation: The proclamation asserted Indonesia's independence and outlined the process for transferring power. Here’s the text:

Proklamasi
Kami bangsa Indonesia dengan ini menjatakan kemerdekaan Indonesia.
Hal-hal jang mengenai pemindahan kekoeasaan d.l.l., diselenggarakan dengan tjara seksama dan dalam tempo jang sesingkat-singkatnja.
Djakarta, hari 17 boelan 8 tahoen 05
Atas nama bangsa Indonesia.

Conclusion

The formation of NKRI was a significant moment in Indonesian history, driven by a series of critical events and the determination of its leaders. Understanding these steps provides insight into the nation's struggle for independence and the establishment of its government. For further exploration, consider studying the implications of the 1945 Constitution and how it shaped Indonesia's political landscape.