MOST Frequently USED LINUX COMMANDS in JOB for Beginners [HINDI]
Table of Contents
Introduction
This tutorial will guide you through the most frequently used Linux commands that are essential for beginners in a job setting. Whether you are transitioning to Linux or looking to enhance your skills, mastering these commands will empower you to manage files, processes, users, and applications effectively.
Step 1: Master File and Directory Commands
Understanding how to manage files and directories is foundational in Linux. Here are the key commands:
- List files and directories
ls
- Change directory
cd [directory_name]
- Tip: Use
cd ..
to go back to the previous directory.
- Tip: Use
- Create a directory
mkdir [directory_name]
- Remove a file
rm [file_name]
- Remove a directory
rmdir [directory_name]
- Note: Use
rm -r [directory_name]
for non-empty directories.
- Note: Use
Step 2: Utilize Network Commands
Networking is crucial for system administration. Use the following commands to manage network settings:
- Check network configuration
ifconfig
- Ping a host
ping [hostname_or_IP]
- Display routing table
route -n
Step 3: Process Management Commands
Managing processes is key to maintaining system performance. Here are the commands you need:
- List running processes
ps aux
- Kill a process
kill [PID]
- Replace
[PID]
with the process ID.
- Replace
- Terminate a process forcefully
kill -9 [PID]
Step 4: User Management Commands
User management is essential in a multi-user environment. Use these commands:
- Add a new user
sudo adduser [username]
- Delete a user
sudo deluser [username]
- Change a user’s password
passwd [username]
Step 5: Application Management Commands
Installing and managing applications is important for productivity. Key commands include:
- Update package lists
sudo apt update
- Install an application
sudo apt install [package_name]
- Remove an application
sudo apt remove [package_name]
Step 6: Work with Environment Variables
Environment variables can affect system behavior. Here’s how to manage them:
- Display environment variables
printenv
- Set a new environment variable
export [VAR_NAME]=[value]
- Remove an environment variable
unset [VAR_NAME]
Step 7: Explore Other Useful Commands
Here are additional commands that can enhance your workflow:
- Search for files
find [directory] -name [file_name]
- View file contents
cat [file_name]
- Display disk usage
df -h
Conclusion
By mastering these essential Linux commands, you'll be better equipped to handle various tasks in your job. Practice these commands regularly to increase your confidence and efficiency in using the Linux operating system. As you become more familiar, consider exploring advanced commands and scripting to further enhance your skills.