Ngaji Filsafat 50 : Auguste Comte : Positivisme

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of Auguste Comte's philosophy of Positivism, as discussed in the "Ngaji Filsafat 50" session led by Dr. Fahruddin Faiz. Understanding Positivism is essential for grasping modern philosophical thought and its implications on society and science.

Step 1: Understand the Concept of Positivism

• Positivism is a philosophical theory developed by Auguste Comte, emphasizing that knowledge is primarily based on empirical evidence.
• Key principles include:
  • Reliance on observable phenomena rather than metaphysical speculation.
  • The belief that scientific knowledge can lead to social progress and improvement.
  • The idea that human thought progresses through three stages: theological, metaphysical, and scientific.

Step 2: Explore the Historical Context

• Familiarize yourself with the historical background of the 19th century:
  • The Enlightenment period laid the groundwork for scientific inquiry and rational thought.
  • Comte sought to establish a systematic approach to understanding society through sociology, which he termed as the "science of society."
• Recognize the significance of Comte’s work in shaping modern disciplines such as sociology and psychology.

Step 3: Examine Comte’s Three Stages of Knowledge

• Comte proposed that human understanding evolves through three distinct stages:
  1. Theological Stage: Explanations based on religion and supernatural beliefs.
  2. Metaphysical Stage: Abstract reasoning and philosophical speculation.
  3. Positive Stage: Focus on observable, scientific facts and laws.
• Reflect on how these stages influence contemporary scientific and social thought.

Step 4: Analyze the Impact of Positivism on Society

• Consider how Positivism has influenced various fields:
  • Social Sciences: Establishment of sociology as a discipline focused on empirical research.
  • Politics: Advocacy for rational governance based on scientific principles rather than tradition or ideology.
  • Education: Emphasis on teaching scientific and critical thinking skills in curricula.
• Discuss the criticisms of Positivism, such as its dismissal of subjective experiences and the qualitative aspects of human life.

Step 5: Engage in Further Study

• To deepen your understanding of Positivism and Comte's philosophies:
  • Read key texts by Auguste Comte, including "Course in Positive Philosophy."
  • Explore additional resources provided by Masjid Jendral Sudirman Yogyakarta, including podcasts and lectures.
  • Attend Ngaji Filsafat sessions for discussions and insights into philosophical concepts.

Conclusion

In summary, this tutorial has outlined the fundamental aspects of Positivism as articulated by Auguste Comte, including its principles, historical context, stages of knowledge, and societal impacts. To further your understanding, consider engaging with additional resources and discussions on this influential philosophical framework.