Théorie de l'énonciation : La linguistique de la parole

Introduction

This tutorial explores the theory of enunciation as presented in the video "Théorie de l'énonciation : La linguistique de la parole." It critiques traditional structural linguistics and introduces key concepts that reshape the understanding of communication in linguistics. You'll learn about the implications of enunciation on linguistic analysis, including the role of the speaker, context, and subjective choices in language.

Step 1: Understand the Theoretical Presuppositions

• Recognize the critique of five fundamental principles of structural linguistics.
• Identify how these critiques serve as a foundation for the theory of enunciation.
• Familiarize yourself with key thinkers, such as Émile Benveniste, who contributed to this theory.

Step 2: Explore the Communication Model

• Review Jakobson's communication model and its reformulation.
• Identify the roles of the following components:
  • Emitter (Speaker): The originator of the message.
  • Receiver: The target audience of the message.
  • Context: The situational background that influences interpretation.
  • Code or Competence: The linguistic system shared by both emitter and receiver.

Step 3: Analyze Linguistic Implications

• Shift your perspective on linguistic analysis based on the theory of enunciation.
• Delve into how subjectivity manifests in discourse:
  • Lexical Choices: Examine how the enunciator’s word choices reflect personal intention.
  • Person Markers: Analyze the use of pronouns and their effect on narrative perspective.
  • Verbal Markers: Explore how the use of verb tenses and moods conveys the enunciator’s stance.

Step 4: Consider the Communication Situation

• Assess the communication situation, focusing on the following aspects:
  • Spatial Deixis: Understand how location affects meaning and reference in discourse.
  • Temporal Deixis: Recognize how timing influences context and interpretation in language.

Step 5: Examine Modalities and Contextual References

• Investigate how modalities (ways of expressing necessity, possibility, and ability) impact the enunciative process.
• Study reference cotextually to see how surrounding text influences meaning.

Conclusion

In summary, this tutorial has introduced you to the theory of enunciation, emphasizing the importance of context, speaker choice, and subjectivity in language. To further explore this topic, consider examining real-world examples of discourse analysis or preparing for the next video on polyphony, which will expand on these concepts.