Dasar Gerakan #incremental dan #absolut pada pemrograman CNC (Contoh Mesin Bubut CNC; G0;G1)

Introduction

This tutorial is designed to help you understand the basic movements in CNC programming, specifically focusing on incremental and absolute movements in CNC lathe machines. Whether you're a beginner or looking to refresh your skills, this guide will break down the key concepts and movements used in CNC programming to enhance your machining capabilities.

Step 1: Understanding Absolute Movement

Absolute movement refers to positioning where each coordinate is specified from a fixed origin point. This means that every movement command is defined in relation to the machine's zero point.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Coordinates are given as absolute values.
  • Movement commands, like G0 and G1, refer to specific positions on the coordinate system.

• Practical Advice:

  • When programming your CNC machine, ensure you know the machine's zero point. This is crucial for accurate machining.
  • Use G90 command to set the machine in absolute positioning mode.

Step 2: Understanding Incremental Movement

Incremental movement allows for positioning based on the current location of the tool. Coordinates are defined as offsets from the current point rather than a fixed origin.

• Key Characteristics:

  • Movements are relative to the current position.
  • Useful for making small adjustments without needing to reference the absolute coordinates.

• Practical Advice:

  • Use G91 command to enable incremental positioning.
  • Always double-check your last position before sending the next command to avoid errors.

Step 3: Using G0 and G1 Commands

These commands are fundamental for CNC programming and control the speed and type of movement.

• G0 Command: Rapid Positioning

  • Used to move the tool quickly to a specified position without cutting.
  • Example command:

    G0 X10 Y20
    

  • This moves the tool to coordinates X10 and Y20 at maximum speed.

• G1 Command: Linear Interpolation

  • Used for cutting and moving the tool at a specified feed rate.
  • Example command:

    G1 X10 Y20 F100
    

  • This moves the tool to X10 and Y20 at a feed rate of 100 units per minute.

Step 4: Practical Applications

Understanding and using absolute and incremental movements effectively can significantly improve your machining efficiency.

• Common Applications:

  • Use absolute movements for initial setups and major transitions.
  • Use incremental movements for detailed finishing work and adjustments.

• Tips:

  • Always plan your tool paths ahead of time to minimize the need for adjustments.
  • Familiarize yourself with the coordinate system of your CNC machine for better accuracy.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we covered the basics of absolute and incremental movements in CNC programming, along with the use of G0 and G1 commands. Understanding these concepts will enhance your programming skills and machining efficiency.

Next steps include practicing these commands on a CNC simulator or machine to reinforce your learning and gain confidence in your programming abilities. If you have any questions or need clarification, feel free to ask in the comments, and keep practicing!