La liberté (fiche de révisions) | Bac de philosophie - Terminale

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the concept of freedom as discussed in the philosophy curriculum for the French Baccalauréat. It includes a philosophical definition, key references, common dissertation topics, and relevant examples to help you prepare effectively for your exam.

Step 1: Understand the Philosophical Definition of Freedom

• Freedom in philosophy refers to the ability of individuals to act according to their own will, rather than being constrained by external forces.
• Different philosophical schools offer varying interpretations of freedom:
  • Libertarianism emphasizes individual autonomy and freedom from interference.
  • Determinism argues that all events, including moral choices, are determined by previously existing causes.
• Explore how freedom relates to concepts like responsibility and ethics, as these are often intertwined in philosophical discussions.

Step 2: Familiarize Yourself with Key References

• Knowing important philosophers and their works is crucial for your dissertation. Key figures include:
  • Jean-Paul Sartre: Explores existential freedom and the burden of choice.
  • Isaiah Berlin: Discusses the distinction between negative and positive liberty.
  • Hegel: Examines the idea of freedom within the context of society and history.
• Make note of their main ideas and how they relate to the concept of freedom, as these will enrich your arguments in essays.

Step 3: Identify Common Dissertation Topics

• Certain topics frequently appear in philosophy dissertations on freedom. Prepare to discuss:
  • The tension between freedom and social order.
  • The impact of technology on personal freedom.
  • The relationship between freedom and moral responsibility.
• Think critically about these themes and how they might connect to contemporary issues.

Step 4: Gather Relevant Examples

• When writing your dissertation, use concrete examples to illustrate your points. Consider:
  • Historical events that showcase struggles for freedom, such as the Civil Rights Movement.
  • Literature and film that explore freedom, like George Orwell’s "1984" or the film "The Shawshank Redemption."
• Relate these examples back to the philosophical concepts you’ve studied, making your arguments more compelling.

Conclusion

In summary, understanding freedom from a philosophical perspective is essential for your Baccalauréat exam. Focus on the definition, familiarize yourself with key philosophers, and prepare for common topics and examples. By doing so, you will be well-equipped to tackle your dissertation on this profound and complex subject. As a next step, consider drafting outlines for potential dissertation topics using the references and examples gathered.