Existentialism: Crash Course Philosophy #16

Introduction

This tutorial explores the philosophy of existentialism, focusing on its key concepts and the thoughts of philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre. Understanding existentialism can provide insight into how individuals find meaning in an often chaotic and indifferent world. This guide will break down essential ideas and practical applications of existentialist thought.

Step 1: Understand the Basics of Existentialism

• Definition: Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It suggests that individuals create their own meaning in life rather than adhering to pre-defined doctrines or beliefs.
• Key Idea: Life is inherently meaningless, and it is the responsibility of each individual to find their purpose.

Step 2: Explore Key Figures

• Jean-Paul Sartre: A prominent existentialist who argued that "existence precedes essence," meaning individuals first exist and then create their own essence through actions.
• Sartre's Ideas:
  • Freedom: Individuals are free to make choices but must also bear the consequences of those choices.
  • Bad Faith: A concept where individuals deny their freedom and responsibility, often by conforming to societal expectations.

Step 3: Examine the Concept of Absurdity

• Absurdity: The conflict between the human desire for meaning and the indifferent universe.
• Practical Tip: Embrace the absurd by accepting that life may not have intrinsic meaning while still pursuing personal significance.

Step 4: Engage with Existentialist Themes

• Authenticity: Striving to live according to one’s true self rather than conforming to external expectations.
• Isolation: Acknowledging that each person experiences existence uniquely, leading to feelings of loneliness that can be both daunting and liberating.

Step 5: Apply Existentialism to Daily Life

• Personal Reflection: Regularly assess your choices and actions to ensure they align with your values and beliefs.
• Decision-Making: Make conscious choices rather than defaulting to societal norms, embracing the freedom that comes with personal responsibility.

Step 6: Consider Existentialism in Art and Culture

• Explore how existentialism has influenced literature, film, and other art forms, often reflecting themes of despair, freedom, and the quest for meaning.

Conclusion

Existentialism offers a framework for understanding the complexities of human existence and the quest for meaning. By engaging with its principles and applying them to your life, you can cultivate a deeper awareness of your choices and the authenticity of your existence. Consider exploring more existentialist literature or engaging in discussions to further enrich your understanding of this profound philosophy.