How Computers Communicate in a Network | Google IT Support Certificate

Step-by-Step Tutorial: Understanding Computer Networking Basics

1. Introduction to Computer Networking:

   • Computer networking involves how computers communicate with each other using protocols.
   • Humans follow communication rules, and computers follow protocols to communicate effectively.

2. Models in Computer Networking:

   • The OSI model consists of seven layers that describe how computers communicate.
   • Each layer in the OSI model has specific functions in the networking process.

3. Layers in Computer Networking:

   • Physical Layer: Represents physical devices like networking cables and connectors.
   • Data Link Layer: Introduces protocols like Ethernet for interpreting signals for communication.
   • Network Layer: Responsible for data delivery across networks using protocols like IP.
   • Transport Layer: Manages data transfer reliability with protocols like TCP and UDP.
   • Application Layer: Includes protocols for browsing the web or sending emails.

4. Networking Cables:

   • Copper Cables: Common networking cables transmitting data using voltage changes.
   • Fiber Optic Cables: Use light pulses for faster and longer-distance data transmission.

5. Network Devices:

   • Hubs: Connect multiple devices but create noise and collision domains.
   • Switches: Connect devices and reduce collision domains by sending data only to the intended device.
   • Routers: Forward data between independent networks using IP addresses.

6. Servers and Clients:

   • Servers: Provide data to clients requesting it.
   • Clients: Receive data from servers or other sources.

7. MAC Addresses:

   • Unique identifiers assigned to network interfaces for data transmission.
   • Differentiate between unicast, multicast, and broadcast addresses for data delivery.

8. Ethernet Frames:

   • Preamble: Synchronizes devices and signals the start of a frame.
   • Destination and Source MAC Addresses: Identify the sender and receiver of the frame.
   • EtherType Field: Indicates the type of data in the frame.
   • CRC: Checksum value for data integrity verification.

9. Data Transmission:

   • Understand how data is structured in Ethernet frames for transmission.
   • Learn about CRC for data integrity and error detection in Ethernet frames.

10. Quiz and Certification:

• Review the material and take a quiz to reinforce your understanding.
• Access the full Google IT Support Certificate course for further learning and certification.

Congratulations on completing the tutorial on understanding computer networking basics! Feel free to explore more lessons and topics to enhance your knowledge in IT support.