Bahasa Inggris 3 Tamu 3 : The Infinitive and Gerund Constructions

Introduction

In this tutorial, we will explore the concepts of infinitive and gerund constructions in English. Understanding these structures is essential for constructing sentences effectively and improving your fluency. This guide will provide clear explanations, examples, and practical tips to help you grasp the differences and uses of infinitives and gerunds.

Step 1: Understanding Infinitives

Infinitives are the base form of a verb, often preceded by "to." They can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in a sentence.

How to Use Infinitives

• As Subjects: "To learn is essential for growth."
• As Objects: "She wants to travel the world."
• To Describe Purpose: "He studies hard to pass the exam."

Practical Tips

• Infinitives can follow certain verbs, such as "want," "need," and "hope."
• Be cautious as some verbs require gerunds instead of infinitives.

Step 2: Understanding Gerunds

Gerunds are verbs ending in "-ing" that function as nouns. They can be used in various ways within a sentence.

How to Use Gerunds

• As Subjects: "Swimming is my favorite hobby."
• As Objects: "I enjoy reading books."
• After Prepositions: "She is good at painting."

Practical Tips

• Gerunds often follow prepositions and certain verbs, such as "enjoy," "avoid," and "consider."
• Remember that gerunds cannot be used to express purpose.

Step 3: Identifying When to Use Each

Knowing when to use infinitives or gerunds can be tricky. Here are some guidelines:

Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives

• Decide
• Hope
• Want
• Plan

Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds

• Enjoy
• Mind
• Finish
• Suggest

Mixed Usage

Some verbs can take both infinitives and gerunds but may change the meaning:

• "I stopped to smoke." (I paused my activity to smoke.)
• "I stopped smoking." (I quit smoking.)

Step 4: Practice Exercises

To solidify your understanding, try these exercises:

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form (infinitive or gerund):
   • I enjoy ______ (play) football.
   • She wants ______ (learn) Spanish.
2. Identify whether the following sentences use infinitives or gerunds:
   • "His dream is to become a doctor."
   • "Reading helps improve vocabulary."

Conclusion

Grasping the use of infinitives and gerunds is crucial for constructing clear and accurate sentences in English. Remember the key distinctions and practice with exercises to enhance your skills. For further improvement, read more examples and engage in writing exercises that incorporate both structures. Happy learning!